背景:动机是糖尿病自我管理的核心组成部分,因为它使成人糖尿病(DM)患者遵守临床建议。在这种情况下,虚拟教练(VC)在支持和治疗与依从性相关的常见障碍方面发挥了核心作用.然而,其中大多数主要集中在医疗和身体目的上,例如监测血糖水平或遵循健康饮食。
目的:本概念验证研究旨在评估在干预前后和随访时,VC干预对社会心理支持的初步疗效。此VC的目的是激励患有1型DM和2型DM的成年人采取和培养健康的应对策略,以减轻抑郁症状,焦虑,感知压力,和糖尿病相关的情绪困扰,同时也改善了他们的福祉。
方法:共有13名患有DM的意大利成年人(18-51岁)与VC互动,使用Telegram消息传递应用程序称为Motibot(动机机器人)。互动涵盖了12次会议,每次持续10到20分钟,在此期间,用户可以通过输入文本或点击智能手机屏幕上的选项与VC进行对话。Motibot是在变革的跨理论模型中开发的,旨在根据用户的变革动机提供最合适的心理教育干预。
结果:结果显示,在12个疗程中,在干预前后和随访中,心理社会因素没有显著变化.然而,大多数用户在抑郁和焦虑症状的三个时间段内表现出下降趋势,从而提供良好的心理健康和没有糖尿病相关的情绪困扰。此外,用户感到有动力,涉及,鼓励,情感上理解,并在互动过程中受到Motibot的刺激。的确,半结构化访谈的分析,使用文本挖掘方法,显示大多数用户报告焦虑的感知减少,抑郁症,和/或压力症状。此外,用户表示Motibot在支持和激励他们为自己找到一个正念时刻并反思自己的情绪方面很有用。
结论:Motibot被用户广泛接受,特别是因为包含了正念练习,这促使他们采用健康的应对技能。在这个程度上,Motibot为患有DM的成年人提供社会心理支持,特别是那些有轻度和中度症状的人,而那些症状严重的人可能会从面对面的心理治疗中获益更多。
BACKGROUND: Motivation is a core component of diabetes self-management because it allows adults with diabetes mellitus (DM) to adhere to clinical recommendations. In this context, virtual coaches (VCs) have assumed a central role in supporting and treating common barriers related to adherence. However, most of them are mainly focused on medical and physical purposes, such as the monitoring of blood glucose levels or following a healthy diet.
OBJECTIVE: This proof-of-concept study aims to evaluate the preliminary efficacy of a VC intervention for psychosocial support before and after the intervention and at follow-up. The intent of this VC is to motivate adults with type 1 DM and type 2 DM to adopt and cultivate healthy coping strategies to reduce symptoms of depression, anxiety, perceived stress, and diabetes-related emotional distress, while also improving their well-being.
METHODS: A total of 13 Italian adults with DM (18-51 years) interacted with a VC, called Motibot (motivational bot) using the Telegram messaging app. The interaction covered 12 sessions, each lasting 10 to 20 minutes, during which the user could dialogue with the VC by inputting text or tapping an option on their smartphone screen. Motibot is developed within the transtheoretical model of change to deliver the most appropriate psychoeducational intervention based on the user\'s motivation to change.
RESULTS: Results showed that over the 12 sessions, there were no significant changes before and after the intervention and at follow-up regarding psychosocial factors. However, most users showed a downward trend over the 3 time periods in depression and anxiety symptoms, thereby presenting good psychological well-being and no diabetes-related emotional distress. In addition, users felt motivated, involved, encouraged, emotionally understood, and stimulated by Motibot during the interaction. Indeed, the analyses of semistructured interviews, using a text mining approach, showed that most users reported a perceived reduction in anxiety, depression, and/or stress symptoms. Moreover, users indicated the usefulness of Motibot in supporting and motivating them to find a mindful moment for themselves and to reflect on their own emotions.
CONCLUSIONS: Motibot was well accepted by users, particularly because of the inclusion of mindfulness practices, which motivated them to adopt healthy coping skills. To this extent, Motibot provided psychosocial support for adults with DM, particularly for those with mild and moderate symptoms, whereas those with severe symptoms may benefit more from face-to-face psychotherapy.