Akahoya是富含氧化铝的火山土壤,主要沉积在九州,日本。我们发现Akahoya在牛放牧区周围的水中吸附细菌,暗示了环境净化的潜力。这项研究使用填充有Akahoya的色谱柱研究了Akahoya吸附的微生物的光谱,该色谱柱通过了微生物悬浮液。Shirasu土壤,另一种具有不同化学成分的火山土壤,被用作控制。Akahoya有效吸附了包括大肠杆菌在内的各种微生物,空肠弯曲杆菌,副溶血性弧菌,肠炎沙门氏菌,金黄色葡萄球菌,产气荚膜梭菌,枯草芽孢杆菌和炭疽芽孢杆菌的孢子,严重急性呼吸道综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2),鼠诺如病毒,和禽流感病毒(H3N2),而Shirasu土壤没有吸附任何被检查的生物。此外,自然存在于河水中的细菌,比如需氧细菌,总大肠菌群,和肠杆菌科作为河流污染的指标,以及人工添加到消毒河水中的大肠杆菌,在通过Akahoya后降低至低于检测限(<1CFU/mL)。此外,与Akahoya接触1个月后,活大肠杆菌的数量继续减少,提示杀菌效果。值得注意的是,由于生物体的表面磷酸化与Akahoya的主要化学成分Al2O3之间的相互作用,大肠杆菌对Akahoya的吸附受磷酸盐浓度和悬浮液pH值的影响。目前的结果表明,Akahoya具有去除磷酸盐和微生物的显着能力,这表明Akahoya可以用于水净化过程。重要事项尽管安全和充足的供水对于保持卫生条件至关重要,一个主要的挑战是发展一种全面有效的,可持续,以及用于处理和净化污染水的具有成本效益的技术方法。在这项研究中,我们证明了一种新的火山土壤,Akahoya,它具有无限的可用性,是一种非常有效的吸附剂,用于广泛的细菌和病毒病原体,表明其作为可持续资源的潜力。有人提出,微生物在Akahoya上的吸附是由微生物表面结构上存在的磷酸基团介导的,根据液相的磷酸盐浓度和pH值与Akahoya的氧化铝组分结合。目前的发现突出了Akahoya在水净化过程中有效消除或减少磷酸盐和微生物的特殊能力,从而有助于开发有效和可持续的解决方案来应对水污染挑战。
Akahoya is a volcanic soil rich in alumina, primarily deposited in Kyushu, Japan. We have found that Akahoya adsorbs bacteria in the water surrounding cattle grazing areas, suggesting a potential for environmental purification. This study investigated the spectrum of microorganisms adsorbed by Akahoya using a column filled with Akahoya through which a suspension of microorganisms was passed. Shirasu soil, another volcanic soil with a different chemical composition, was used as a control. Akahoya effectively adsorbed a diverse range of microorganisms including Escherichia coli, Campylobacter jejuni, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Salmonella Enteritidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens, spores of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus anthracis, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), murine norovirus, and avian influenza virus (H3N2), whereas Shirasu soil did not adsorb any of the organisms examined. Moreover, bacteria naturally present in river water, such as aerobic bacteria, total coliforms, and Enterobacteriaceae as indicators of river contamination, as well as E. coli added artificially to sterilized river water, were reduced to below the detection limit (<1 CFU/mL) after being passed through Akahoya. Additionally, the number of viable E. coli continued to decrease after contact with Akahoya for 1 month, suggesting bactericidal effects. Notably, the adsorption of E. coli to Akahoya was influenced by the concentration of phosphate and the pH of the suspension due to the interaction between the surface phosphorylation of organisms and Al2O3, the major chemical component of Akahoya. The present results demonstrate the remarkable ability of Akahoya to remove phosphate and microbes, suggesting that Akahoya could be used for water purification processes.IMPORTANCEAlthough a safe and sufficient water supply is essential for the maintenance of hygienic conditions, a major challenge is to develop a comprehensive effective, sustainable, and cost-effective technological approach for the treatment and purification of contaminated water. In this study, we demonstrated that a novel volcanic soil, Akahoya, which has unlimited availability, is a highly effective adsorbent for a wide range of bacterial and viral pathogens, suggesting its potential as a sustainable resource for this purpose. It was suggested that the adsorption of microorganisms on Akahoya was mediated by phosphate groups present on the surface structures of microorganisms, which bind to the alumina component of Akahoya according to the phosphate concentration and pH of the liquid phase. The present findings highlight the exceptional ability of Akahoya to eliminate or reduce phosphate and microorganisms effectively in water purification processes, thus contributing to the development of efficient and sustainable solutions for addressing water pollution challenges.