食品工业,学术界,食品技师,由于其营养成分,消费者对在新产品的配方中使用蚕豆种子越来越感兴趣,可访问性,低成本,环境优势,以及对健康的有益影响。在这次审查中,全面介绍了有关蚕豆种子抗营养素以及生物活性和加工技术的系统和最新报告。化学成分,包括油成分和碳水化合物成分,正在讨论。影响抗营养素减少和生物活性化合物改善的因素,包括加工技术,正在讨论。热处理(烹饪,高压灭菌,挤压,微波炉,高压加工,辐照)和非热处理(浸泡,发芽,提取,发酵,和酶处理)被确定为降低蚕豆种子中抗营养素水平的方法。适当的加工方法可以减少抗营养因子,丰富生物活性成分,这对于开发功能性食品中的种子有效利用是有用的。因此,这项评估的重点是用于减少蚕豆种子中毒素含量的技术。此外,这些方法的优点进行了比较,缺点,生存能力,药理活性,以及使用新兴技术进行改进的潜力。预计该领域的未来研究将填补利用蚕豆种子的营养和健康益处的知识空白,并增加蚕豆种子在不同应用中的利用率。
The food industry, academia, food technologists, and consumers have become more interested in using faba bean seeds in the formulation of new products because of their nutritional content, accessibility, low costs, environmental advantages, and beneficial impacts on health. In this review, a systematic and up-to-date report on faba bean seeds\' antinutrients and bioactive and processing techniques is comprehensively presented. The chemical composition, including the oil composition and carbohydrate constituents, is discussed. Factors influencing the reduction of antinutrients and improvement of bioactive compounds, including processing techniques, are discussed. Thermal treatments (cooking, autoclaving, extrusion, microwaving, high-pressure processing, irradiation) and non-thermal treatments (soaking, germination, extraction, fermentation, and enzymatic treatment) are identified as methods to reduce the levels of antinutrients in faba bean seeds. Appropriate processing methods can reduce the antinutritional factors and enrich the bioactive components, which is useful for the seeds\' efficient utilization in developing functional foods. As a result, this evaluation focuses on the technologies that are employed to reduce the amounts of toxins in faba bean seeds. Additionally, a comparison of these methods is performed in terms of their advantages, disadvantages, viability, pharmacological activity, and potential for improvement using emerging technologies. Future research is expected in this area to fill the knowledge gap in exploiting the nutritional and health benefits of faba bean seeds and increase the utilization of faba bean seeds for different applications.