■推荐使用疫苗,安全,以及保护孕妇免受疫苗可预防疾病(VPD)的有效措施。尽管有可用的指导,在意大利,针对流感疫苗和抗原含量降低的破伤风-白喉-无细胞百日咳疫苗(Tdap)的母体免疫接种率仍然非常低.该研究的主要目标是探索意大利孕妇在怀孕期间对VPD和免疫的了解以及哪些因素影响了他们接种疫苗的决定。
■这项横断面研究于2021年10月至2022年4月在意大利南部进行。所有连续怀孕的妇女,从那些在随机选择的日期参加选定设施的人中,被接洽要求参与。参与的纳入标准为年龄≥18岁,理解能力,说话,读意大利语,在任何胎龄都能怀孕.问卷,使用复选框和自由文本答案的组合,由32个项目组成,分为五个部分,持续时间约10分钟。
■结果显示,61%的人知道推荐使用流感疫苗,48.7%的人知道怀孕期间流感可能有风险;74.1%的人错误地报告了在怀孕期间推荐使用麻疹-腮腺炎-风疹(MMR)疫苗。十分之七的孕妇认为有强有力的证据支持怀孕期间接种疫苗的安全性,超过一半(55.6%)的人认为他们患COVID-19严重疾病的风险增加。样本中的女性认为,怀孕期间接种的疫苗对未出生的孩子造成不良事件的风险,中位数为6(IQR3-9)。范围从1到10。同样,怀孕期间对感染百日咳和流感的恐惧显示中位数为6(IQR3-9)和5(IQR3-8),分别。只有21.1%和36.5%的妇女在怀孕期间接种了流感和Tdap疫苗。
■不现实的风险认知和对怀孕期间疫苗的消极态度,以及接种疫苗的孕妇比例较低,证实了培训妇女做出知情选择以增加总体疫苗接种的紧迫性。
Vaccine administration is a recommended, safe, and effective measure to protect pregnant women against vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs). Despite available guidance, maternal immunization rates for vaccination against influenza and with the reduced antigen content tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap) in Italy remain incredibly low. The primary goal of the study was to explore what Italian pregnant women knew about VPDs and immunization during pregnancy and what factors affected their decision to be vaccinated.
This cross-sectional study took place between October 2021 and April 2022 in the Southern part of Italy. All consecutive pregnant women, from those attending the selected facilities on randomly selected days, were approached to request participation. The inclusion criteria for participation were age ≥18 years, the ability to understand, speak, and read Italian, and being pregnant at any gestational age. The questionnaire, using a combination of checkboxes and free text answers, consisted of 32 items divided into five parts and lasted ~10 min.
The results showed that 61% knew that the influenza vaccine is recommended and 48.7% knew that influenza could be risky during pregnancy; 74.1% wrongly reported that the Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended during pregnancy. Seven out of 10 pregnant women believed that strong evidence supported the safety of vaccinations during pregnancy, and more than half (55.6%) thought they were at increased risk of severe illness with COVID-19. Women in the sample believed that vaccines received during pregnancy pose a risk of adverse events to the unborn child with a median value of 6 (IQR 3-9), on a scale ranging from 1 to 10. Similarly, the fear of contracting pertussis and influenza during pregnancy showed a median value of 6 (IQR 3-9) and 5 (IQR 3-8), respectively. Only 21.1% and 36.5% of women received influenza and Tdap vaccines during pregnancy.
Unrealistic risk perception with a negative attitude toward vaccines in pregnancy and a low percentage of vaccinated pregnant women confirm the urgency of training women to make informed choices to increase overall vaccine uptake.