背景:COVID-19大规模疫苗接种是遏制大流行的唯一有希望的救星。公众对COVID-19疫苗接种的犹豫和消极态度阻碍了实现群体免疫的疫苗分发。这项研究旨在评估巴基斯坦主要城市的疫苗犹豫和态度及其决定因素。
方法:2021年6月在巴基斯坦主要城市包括卡拉奇进行了一次横向电话调查,拉合尔,伊斯兰堡,白沙瓦,和吉尔吉,来自18岁或以上未接种疫苗的城市人口。通过多阶段分层随机抽样进行随机数字拨号,以确保每个目标城市和社会经济阶层的代表性。问卷调查收集了有关社会人口统计学的信息,COVID-19相关经验,感染的风险感知,和COVID-19疫苗接种的接受度。进行多变量逻辑回归分析以确定疫苗犹豫和接受的关键决定因素。
结果:本次调查中接种疫苗人群的患病率为15%。在2270名受访者中,65%的受访者愿意接种疫苗,而只有19%登记接种疫苗。与疫苗接种意愿显著相关的因素是年龄较大(aOR:6.48,95%CI:1.94-21.58),高等教育(AOR:2.02,95%CI:1.36,3.01),被雇用(OR:1.34,95%CI:1.01,1.78),COVID-19的感知风险(AOR:4.38,95%CI:2.70,7.12),和更高的符合标准操作程序(aOR:1.72,95%CI:1.26,2.35)。最常见的疫苗犹豫原因是“不需要”(n=284,36%)和“疫苗安全性和副作用”(n=251,31%),而大多数报告的疫苗动机原因是“健康安全”(n=1029,70%)和“结束大流行”(n=357,24%)。
结论:尽管我们的研究发现COVID-19疫苗的犹豫率为35%,有明显的人口统计学差异,建议采用量身定制的沟通策略来解决大多数犹豫不决的亚群所关注的问题.使用流动疫苗接种设施,特别是对流动性较弱和处境不利的人,应考虑社会动员战略的实施和评估,以提高COVID-19疫苗接种的总体接受度和覆盖率。
COVID-19 mass vaccination is the only hopeful savior to curb the pandemic. Vaccine distribution to achieve herd immunity is hindered by hesitance and negative attitude of the public against COVID-19 vaccination. This study aims to evaluate the vaccine hesitancy and attitudes in major cities in Pakistan as well as their determinants.
A cross-sectional telephonic survey was conducted in June 2021 in major cities of Pakistan including Karachi, Lahore, Islamabad, Peshawar, and Gilgit, from unvaccinated urban population aged 18 years or older. Random Digit Dialing through multi-stage stratified random sampling was used to ensure representation of each target city and socio-economic classes. Questionnaire collected information on socio-demographics, COVID-19-related experiences, risk perception of infection, and receptivity of COVID-19 vaccination. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify key determinants of vaccine hesitancy and acceptance.
The prevalence of vaccinated population in this survey was 15%. Of the 2270 respondents, 65% respondents were willing to vaccinate, while only 19% were registered for vaccination. Factors significantly associated with vaccine willingness were older age (aOR: 6.48, 95% CI: 1.94-21.58), tertiary education (aOR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.36, 3.01), being employed (aOR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.78), perceived risk of COVID-19 (aOR: 4.38, 95% CI: 2.70, 7.12), and higher compliance with standard operating procedures (aOR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.26, 2.35). The most common vaccine hesitancy reasons were \'no need\' (n = 284, 36%) and concerns with \'vaccine safety and side effects\' (n = 251, 31%), while most reported vaccine motivation reasons were \'health safety\' (n = 1029, 70%) and \'to end the pandemic\' (n = 357, 24%).
Although our study found 35% hesitancy rate of COVID-19 vaccine, there were noticeable demographic differences that suggest tailored communication strategy to address concerns held by most hesitant subpopulation. Use of mobile vaccination facilities particularly for less mobile and disadvantaged, and implementation and evaluation of social mobilization strategy should be considered to increase overall COVID-19 vaccination acceptance and coverage.