背景:移动应用程序是当今社会实践和社会努力的基本工具。然而,这些技术通常不适用于老年用户。鉴于这部分用户越来越多地使用移动应用程序,以及某些服务可能对他们的生活质量产生的影响,比如移动医疗,个人理财,或在线行政程序,移动应用程序设计师需要一套明确的指导方针。针对老年人的现有建议侧重于对某些老年人群体的调查,或者尚未从实验结果中提取。
目的:在这项研究工作中,我们系统地回顾了为基于对老年人的可用性测试的移动应用程序设计提供建议的科学文献,并将这些建议组织成一套有意义的设计指南.
方法:我们对2010年至2021年的期刊和会议文章进行了系统的文献综述。我们纳入了对60岁以上人群进行可用性测试的文章,并提出了有关移动软件设计的可转让指南,最终形成了40篇文章。然后,我们进行了3轮分析的主题分析,以提供其他不同建议的含义。在这个阶段,我们放弃了只有一篇文章提出的建议,基于特定的移动应用程序,因此是不可转让的,基于其他作者的文献(而不是基于可用性测试结果的建议),或者没有充分争论。剩下的建议,我们确定了共同点,为每个指导方针写了一份忠实的声明,使用了一套通用语言,并将指南分类,从而形成一组不同的建议。
结果:在27个结果指南中,规则简化和增加交互式控件之间的大小和距离是横向的,意义最大。其余的指导方针分为5类(帮助和培训,导航,视觉设计,认知负荷,和交互)以及视觉设计中的相应子类别(布局,图标,和外观)和交互(输入和输出)。这些建议是结构化的,详细解释,并用从选定的研究中提取的应用实例进行说明,在适当的地方。我们讨论了应用这些准则的设计含义,与相关研究的背景。我们还讨论了以下方法的局限性,强调需要进行进一步的实验,以更好地了解老年人如何使用移动应用程序,以及如何在考虑到这些用户的情况下更好地设计此类应用程序。
结论:编制的指南支持设计满足老年人需求的移动应用程序,因为它们基于对60岁以上用户的实际可用性测试结果。
Mobile apps are fundamental tools in today\'s society for practical and social endeavors. However, these technologies are often not usable for older users. Given the increased use of mobile apps by this group of users and the impact that certain services may have on their quality of life, such as mobile health, personal finance, or online administrative procedures, a clear set of guidelines for mobile app designers is needed. Existing recommendations for older adults focus on investigations with certain groups of older adults or have not been extracted from experimental results.
In this research work, we systematically reviewed the scientific literature that provided recommendations for the design of mobile apps based on usability testing with older adults and organized such recommendations into a meaningful set of design guidelines.
We conducted a systematic literature review of journal and conference articles from 2010 to 2021. We included articles that carried out usability tests with populations aged >60 years and presented transferable guidelines on mobile software design, resulting in a final set of 40 articles. We then carried out a thematic analysis with 3 rounds of analysis to provide meaning to an otherwise diverse set of recommendations. At this stage, we discarded recommendations that were made by just 1 article, were based on a specific mobile app and were therefore nontransferrable, were based on other authors\' literature (as opposed to recommendations based on the results of usability tests), or were not sufficiently argued. With the remaining recommendations, we identified commonalities, wrote a faithful statement for each guideline, used a common language for the entire set, and organized the guidelines into categories, thereby giving shape to an otherwise diverse set of recommendations.
Among the 27 resulting guidelines, the rules Simplify and Increase the size and distance between interactive controls were transversal and of the greatest significance. The rest of the guidelines were divided into 5 categories (Help & Training, Navigation, Visual Design, Cognitive Load, and Interaction) and consequent subcategories in Visual Design (Layout, Icons, and Appearance) and Interaction (Input and Output). The recommendations were structured, explained in detail, and illustrated with applied examples extracted from the selected studies, where appropriate. We discussed the design implications of applying these guidelines, contextualized with relevant studies. We also discussed the limitations of the approach followed, stressing the need for further experimentation to gain a better understanding of how older adults use mobile apps and how to better design such apps with these users in mind.
The compiled guidelines support the design of mobile apps that cater to the needs of older adults because they are based on the results of actual usability tests with users aged >60 years.