这篇综述研究了将农业残留物升级为有价值的药物化合物的创新策略。农业残留物的不当处置导致了重大的环境问题,包括温室气体排放增加和生态系统退化。Upcycle提供了一个可持续的解决方案,将这些残留物转化为高价值的生物产品(抗氧化剂,抗肿瘤剂,抗糖尿病化合物,抗炎药,和抗病毒药物)。纳米技术和微生物生物技术在提高生物利用度和生物活性化合物的靶向递送方面具有至关重要的作用。先进的技术,如酶解,绿色溶剂,微波加工,热解,超声波处理,酸和碱水解,臭氧分解,探索了有机溶剂工艺在分解农业废物和提取有价值化合物方面的有效性。尽管潜力巨大,挑战,如残留物成分的可变性,可扩展性,高成本持续存在。审查强调需要对具有成本效益的提取技术和强大的监管框架进行未来研究,以确保安全,功效,和生物产品的质量。农业残留物的再循环是实现可持续废物管理和药物化合物生产的可行途径,促进环境保护和改善公众健康。这篇综述提供了对当前文献的分析,并确定了知识差距,为未来的研究提供建议,以优化药品行业中农业残留物的使用。
This review investigates innovative strategies for
upcycling agricultural residues into valuable pharmaceutical compounds. The improper disposal of agricultural residues contributes to significant environmental issues, including increased greenhouse gas emissions and ecosystem degradation.
Upcycling offers a sustainable solution, transforming these residues into high-value bioproducts (antioxidants, antitumor agents, antidiabetic compounds, anti-inflammatory agents, and antiviral drugs). Nanotechnology and microbial biotechnology have a crucial role in enhancing bioavailability and targeted delivery of bioactive compounds. Advanced techniques like enzymatic hydrolysis, green solvents, microwave processing, pyrolysis, ultrasonic processing, acid and alkaline hydrolysis, ozonolysis, and organosolv processes are explored for their effectiveness in breaking down agricultural waste and extracting valuable compounds. Despite the promising potential, challenges such as variability in residue composition, scalability, and high costs persist. The review emphasizes the need for future research on cost-effective extraction techniques and robust regulatory frameworks to ensure the safety, efficacy, and quality of bioproducts. The
upcycling of agricultural residues represents a viable path towards sustainable waste management and production of pharmaceutical compounds, contributing to environmental conservation and public health improvements. This review provides an analysis of the current literature and identifies knowledge gaps, offering recommendations for future studies to optimize the use of agricultural residues in the drug industry.