背景:意外怀孕和亲密伴侣暴力会对女性产生不利影响,婴儿,和他们的心理健康。这项研究旨在比较抑郁症,焦虑,母胎依恋,在大不里士,有和没有意外怀孕的妇女之间普遍存在亲密伴侣暴力,伊朗。该研究旨在解决在伊朗背景下缺乏对这一主题的研究的问题。
方法:这项横断面研究是对2022年至2023年在大不里士市卫生中心就诊的486名孕妇进行的。采用整群抽样的方法,数据是通过社会人口管理收集的,母胎依恋,爱丁堡产后抑郁症,世界卫生组织家庭暴力,和妊娠焦虑工具。一般线性模型(GLM),控制潜在的混杂变量,被用来比较焦虑,抑郁症,两组之间的母胎依恋。多变量逻辑回归分析,还控制潜在的混杂变量,被用来比较两组之间的家庭暴力患病率。
结果:调整后的GLM结果表明,意外怀孕的妇女母胎附着率显着降低(调整后的平均差(AMD):-9.82,95%CI:-12.4至-7.15;p<0.001)),抑郁水平较高(AMD:2.89;CI:1.92至3.86;p<0.001),和更高的焦虑水平(MD:5.65;95%CI:3.84至7.45;p<0.001)相比,有计划怀孕的妇女。在怀孕期间,40%的意外怀孕妇女和19.2%的预期怀孕妇女报告经历了至少一种形式的身体,性,或情感暴力。调整后的多变量逻辑回归结果显示,意外怀孕的妇女经历情感暴力的几率明显更高(调整后的优势比[aOR]:2.94;95%CI:1.64至5.26;p<0.001),性暴力,(OR:2.25;95%CI:1.32至3.85;p=0.004),和身体暴力(aOR:2.38;95%CI:1.50至3.77;p<0.001)与预期怀孕的妇女相比。
结论:研究发现,意外怀孕的妇女母胎依恋水平较低,更高水平的焦虑和抑郁,亲密伴侣暴力的发生率很高,包括身体,性,和情感暴力,与有意怀孕的女性相比。这些结果强调了实施旨在减少意外怀孕的政策的重要性。
BACKGROUND: Unintended pregnancies and intimate partner violence can adversely affect women, infants, and their psychological well-being. The study aimed to compare depression, anxiety, maternal-fetal attachment, and the prevalence of intimate partner violence between women with and without unintended pregnancies in Tabriz, Iran. The study sought to address the lack of research on this topic in the Iranian context.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 486 pregnant women attending health centers in Tabriz City between 2022 and 2023. A cluster sampling method was utilized, and data were gathered through the administration of socio-demographic, Maternal Fetal Attachment, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression, World Health Organization Domestic Violence, and Pregnancy Anxiety instruments. A general linear model (GLM), controlling for potential confounding variables, was used to compare anxiety, depression, and maternal-fetal attachment between the two groups. Multivariable logistic regression analysis, also controlling for potential confounding variables, was employed to compare the prevalence of domestic violence between the two groups.
RESULTS: The results of the adjusted GLM indicated that women with unintended pregnancies had significantly lower maternal-fetal attachment (Adjusted mean difference (AMD):-9.82, 95% CI:-12.4 to -7.15 ; p < 0.001)), higher levels of depression (AMD: 2.89; CI: 1.92 to 3.86 ; p < 0.001), and higher levels of anxiety (MD: 5.65; 95% CI: 3.84 to 7.45; p < 0.001) compared to women with intended pregnancies. During pregnancy, 40% of women with unintended pregnancies and 19.2% of women with intended pregnancies reported experiencing at least one form of physical, sexual, or emotional violence. The results of the adjusted multivariable logistic regression revealed that women with unintended pregnancies had a significantly higher odds of experiencing emotional violence (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.94; 95% CI: 1.64 to 5.26; p < 0.001), sexual violence, (aOR: 2.25; 95% CI: 1.32 to 3.85; p = 0.004), and physical violence (aOR: 2.38; 95% CI: 1.50 to 3.77; p < 0.001) compared to women with intended pregnancies.
CONCLUSIONS: The study found that women with unintended pregnancies had lower levels of maternal-fetal attachment, higher levels of anxiety and depression, and a high prevalence of intimate partner violence, including physical, sexual, and emotional violence, compared to women with intended pregnancies. These results emphasize the importance of implementing policies aimed at reducing unintended pregnancies.