游泳是在水面或水下进行的速度运动,其中性能是基于全身振荡。本研究调查了游泳运动员在表面进行的起伏运动。本研究旨在分析性别互动的影响,实践水平,和选定运动学参数的比赛距离。配备关节标记的六名精英和六名新手游泳运动员(手腕,弯头,肩膀,臀部,膝盖,和脚踝)记录在矢状面。这些解剖标记的位置以50Hz数字化。自动运动分析软件产生了速度,垂直振幅,频率,和角度位置。结果表明,随着比赛距离的增加,所有关节的平均振幅均增加,而中风频率降低(p<0.01)。上肢的平均关节振幅(手腕,专家的肘部和肩部)比新手小。而脚踝更大,因此,振荡幅度从肩膀到脚踝增加。精英男性游泳运动员的投球比女性更激烈。此外,精英男性游泳运动员的膝盖弯曲度小于新手和精英女性(p<0.01)。这表明,由于膝盖弯曲无力和上肢音高低,优秀的男性游泳运动员试图减少阻力。总而言之,性别,专业知识,和比赛距离会影响正面阻力的性能及其运动学。游泳方面的专业知识需要利用与流体动力约束有关的机械约束来优化性能。关键点游泳者同时是推进器和推进器。这项研究调查了游泳运动员在表面进行的起伏运动。精英男性游泳运动员的投球比女性游泳运动员的投球更灵敏,并且比新手和精英女性游泳运动员的膝盖弯曲更小。Finswimmers倾向于执行类似海豚的动作,这是使用水下的情况下,优化水动力学。
Finswimming is a sport of speed practiced on the surface or underwater, in which performance is based on whole-body oscillations. The present study investigated the undulatory motion performed by finswimmers at the surface. This study aiming to analyze the influence of the interaction of gender, practice level, and race distance on selected kinematic parameters. Six elite and six novices finswimmers equipped with joints markers (wrist, elbow, shoulder, hip, knee, and ankle) were recorded in the sagittal plane. The position of these anatomical marks was digitized at 50 Hz. An automated motion analysis software yielded velocity, vertical amplitude, frequency, and angular position. Results showed that stroke frequency decreased whereas the mean amplitude of all joints increased with increasing race distance (p < 0.01). Mean joint amplitude for the upper limbs (wrist, elbow and shoulder) was smaller for experts than for novices. Whereas that of the ankle was larger, so that the oscillation amplitude increased from shoulder to ankle. Elite male finswimmers were pitching more acutely than female. Moreover, elite male finswimmers showed a smaller knee bending than novices and than elite females (p < 0.01). This indicated that elite male finswimmers attempt to reduce drag forces thanks to a weak knee bending and a low upper limbs pitch. To sum up, gender, expertise, and race distance affect the performance and its kinematics in terms frontal drag. Expertise in finswimming requires taking advantage of the mechanical constraints pertaining to hydrodynamic constraints in order to optimize performance. Key PointsFinswimmers are at one and the same time a propelling and a propelled body. This study investigates the undulatory motion performed by finswimmers at the surface.Elite male finswimmers were pitching more acutely than female swimmers and showed a smaller knee bending than both novices and elite female swimmers.Finswimmers tended to perform a dolphin-like motion, which is used underwater situation and optimizes hydrodynamics.