这项研究报告了评估诊断技术在实验感染的牛中检测间日疟原虫的敏感性。此外,它描述了锥虫病和先天性传播的急性和慢性阶段的间日疟原虫血管外寄生。使用从颈静脉收集的血液样本比较了间日疟原虫的诊断,尾骨和耳尖静脉。对于这项研究,13名男性和2名女性感染了约1×106例活的间日夜蛾色虫(D0)。在整个研究期间保持一只动物作为阴性对照。在感染后(DPI)14至749天之间对13只感染的雄性进行安乐死。在确认两名女性(9个月大)的周期性后,他们自然与公牛交配。一名女性在840DPI被安乐死,另一个在924DPI。那两只小牛,每个女性一个,在六个月大的时候被安乐死(924DPI),和阴性对照在924DPI。在此期间,使用直接方法(Woo检验,cPCR,新鲜湿血膜的显微镜检查和寄生虫定量-Brener方法),和血清学方法(IFAT,ELISA,和IA)。从肝脏收集组织样本,脾,脾大脑,小脑,心,睾丸,附睾,肾脏,眼球,肩胛骨前淋巴结,耳尖,乳腺,子宫,和卵巢。使用LAMP检查原生动物DNA。使用Woo检验和Brener方法在颈静脉之间检测间日疟原虫没有差异,尾骨,和耳尖静脉。检测方法的灵敏度根据疾病阶段而变化。直接方法(Woo检验,Brener方法,和cPCR)在急性期表现出更高的灵敏度,而血清学方法(IFAT,ELISA,和IA)在慢性期更敏感。反T.间日抗体检测到高达924DPI。使用LAMP进行的组织评估表明,间日疟原虫DNA的存在以及相关的组织病理学变化,直至840或924DPI。仅在乳腺和卵巢中未检测到DNA。最常见的组织病理学改变是淋巴组织细胞炎性浸润。没有观察到间日疟原虫的经胎盘传播。
This study reports assessment of the sensitivity of diagnostic techniques to detect T. vivax in experimentally infected cattle. Additionally, it describes T. vivax extravascular parasitism during the acute and chronic phases of
trypanosomosis and congenital transmission. The T. vivax diagnosis was compared using blood samples collected from the jugular, coccygeal and ear tip veins. For this study, 13 males and two females were infected with ≈ 1 × 106 viable T. vivax trypomastigotes (D0). One animal was kept as a negative control during the entire study. The 13 infected males were euthanized between 14 and 749 days post-infection (DPI). After confirming the cyclicity of both females (9 months of age), they were naturally mated with a bull. One female was euthanized at 840 DPI, and the other at 924 DPI. The two calves, one from each female, were euthanized at six months of age (924 DPI), and the negative control at 924 DPI. During this period, T. vivax in blood was assessed using direct methods (Woo test, cPCR, microscopic examination of fresh wet blood films and parasite quantification - Brener method), and serological methods (IFAT, ELISA, and IA). Tissue samples were collected from the liver, spleen, brain, cerebellum, heart, testicles, epididymis, kidneys, eyeballs, pre-scapular lymph nodes, ear tips, mammary glands, uterus, and ovaries. The protozoan DNA was examined using LAMP. There was no difference in the detection of T. vivax using the Woo test and Brener method among the jugular, coccygeal, and ear tip veins. The sensitivity of the detection methods varied depending on the disease phase. Direct methods (Woo test, Brener method, and cPCR) demonstrated higher sensitivity during the acute phase, while serological methods (IFAT, ELISA, and IA) were more sensitive during the chronic phase. Anti-T. vivax antibodies were detected up to 924 DPI. Tissue evaluation using LAMP demonstrated the presence of T. vivax DNA and associated histopathological changes up to 840 or 924 DPI. Only in mammary glands and ovaries was no DNA detected. The most frequently observed histopathological alteration was lymphohistioplasmocytic inflammatory infiltrate. No transplacental transmission of T. vivax was observed.