■树木个体发育是树木再生过程的遗传轨迹,在时间和空间中重复,包括发育和繁殖。了解树木个体发育的原理是模仿自然生态模式和过程的关键优先事项,这些模式和过程属于要求更接近自然的森林管理的要求。通过承认和尊重单个树木和林分的生长和发展,森林管理者可以实施符合森林生态系统固有动态的战略。因此,这项研究旨在确定北欧半森林中树木再生和生长的个体发育特征。
■我们应用了一个三步过程来回顾i)森林树木的个体发育特征,ii)林木形成物种的树木的本体遗传策略,和iii)总结第i点和第ii点的审查结果,以提出一个概念框架,以过渡到半自然森林树木的更接近自然的管理。为了实现这一点,我们将超级有机体方法应用于森林发展,作为建立自然林分形成生态系统的整体进展。
■评论显示了多个方面;首先,在完全和最小光照条件下,个体树木在本体发育的前生成和生成阶段具有独特的生长和发育特征。第二,建树有四种主要模式,与树木的光要求有关的生长和发育;它们被描述为林分形成树种的个体发育策略:gapcolumisers,差距接班人,间隙填充物和间隙竞争对手。第三,我们对北欧半森林树木再生和生长的个体发育特征的分析摘要表明,相对于森林动态模式,林分形成物种占据多个生态位位置。
■这项研究证明了以更接近自然的森林管理为借口了解树木个体发育的重要性,以及其制定可持续森林管理的潜力,以模仿森林结构的自然动态。我们建议科学家和林业工作者可以适应更接近自然的管理策略,如辅助树木的自然再生,提高林木群落活力和森林整体健康。提出的方法优先考虑生态完整性和森林复原力,促进辅助自然再生,并促进半生树群落植物种群之间的适应性和连通性。
UNASSIGNED: Tree ontogeny is the genetic trajectories of regenerative processes in trees, repeating in time and space, including both development and reproduction. Understanding the principles of tree ontogeny is a key priority in emulating natural ecological patterns and processes that fall within the calls for closer-to-nature forest management. By recognizing and respecting the growth and development of individual trees and forest stands, forest managers can implement strategies that align with the inherent dynamics of forest ecosystem. Therefore, this study aims to determine the ontogenetic characteristics of tree regeneration and growth in northern European hemiboreal forests.
UNASSIGNED: We applied a three-step process to review i) the ontogenetic characteristics of forest trees, ii) ontogenetic strategies of trees for stand-forming species, and iii) summarise the review findings of points i and ii to propose a conceptual framework for transitioning towards closer-to-nature management of hemiboreal forest trees. To achieve this, we applied the super-organism approach to forest development as a holistic progression towards the establishment of natural stand forming ecosystems.
UNASSIGNED: The review showed multiple aspects; first, there are unique growth and development characteristics of individual trees at the pre-generative and generative stages of ontogenesis under full and minimal light conditions. Second, there are four main modes of tree establishment, growth and development related to the light requirements of trees; they were described as ontogenetic strategies of stand-forming tree species: gap colonisers, gap successors, gap fillers and gap competitors. Third, the summary of our analysis of the ontogenetic characteristics of tree regeneration and growth in northern European hemiboreal forests shows that stand-forming species occupy multiple niche positions relative to forest dynamics modes.
UNASSIGNED: This study demonstrates the importance of understanding tree ontogeny under the pretext of closer-to-nature forest management, and its potential towards formulating sustainable forest management that emulates the natural dynamics of forest structure. We suggest that scientists and foresters can adapt closer-to-nature management strategies, such as assisted natural regeneration of trees, to improve the vitality of tree communities and overall forest health. The presented approach prioritizes ecological integrity and forest resilience, promoting assisted natural regeneration, and fostering adaptability and connectivity among plant populations in hemiboreal tree communities.