疫苗是提高对特定疾病的免疫力的生物制剂。特别是对于贫穷的发展中国家,可食用疫苗显示出巨大的潜力,作为一种经济优势,易于管理,直接存储,故障安全,以及社会和文化上可接受的疫苗输送系统。疫苗在植物中掺入编码细菌或病毒致病因子的基因而不丧失其免疫原性。土豆,西红柿,大米,大豆,香蕉是食用疫苗的主要植物。它激活针对外来致病生物的全身和粘膜免疫反应。它为减少乙型肝炎等疾病提供了令人兴奋的可能性,狂犬病,艾滋病毒/艾滋病(人体免疫机能丧失病毒感染和获得性免疫机能丧失综合症),等。这些疫苗提供了许多好处,比如方便管理,高效存储,和易于接受的药物递送系统,适用于不同年龄组的患者。所以,食用疫苗可能是提高免疫力最方便的疫苗。然而,在食用疫苗技术方面,有许多技术和法规挑战需要克服。虽然一切似乎都可以超越,需要克服各种技术障碍以及监管和非科学挑战。此外,可食用疫苗专利代表了生物技术的前沿领域,将遗传物质整合到可食用物质中,对于彻底改变疫苗接种方法具有巨大的希望。这些专利旨在利用植物和其他食物的潜力来刺激免疫反应,提供了一个潜在的替代传统的注射疫苗。这篇综述阐述了技术,寄主植物,当前状态,最近的专利,这种新的预防方式的未来,以及有关食用疫苗的不同监管问题。
Vaccines are biological preparations that improve immunity to particular diseases. Particularly for poor developing nations, edible vaccines show significant potential as a financially advantageous, simple to administer, straightforward to store, fail-safe, and socially and culturally acceptable vaccine delivery system. A vaccine incorporates the gene-encoding bacterial or viral disease-causing agent in plants without losing its immunogenic property. Potatoes, tomatoes, rice, soybeans, and bananas are the primary plants for edible vaccines. It activates the systemic and mucosal immunity responses against a foreign disease-causing organism. It offers exciting possibilities to reduce diseases like hepatitis B, rabies, HIV/AIDS (human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome), etc. These vaccines provide many benefits, like being convenient to administer, efficiently storing, and readily acceptable drug delivery systems for patients of different age groups. So, an edible vaccine may be the most convenient vaccine to improve immunity. However, there are a lot of technical and regulatory challenges to overcome in the way of edible vaccine technology. Though all seem surmountable, various technical obstacles and regulatory and non-scientific challenges need to be overcome. Moreover, edible vaccine patents represent a cutting-edge area of biotechnology, where the integration of genetic material into edible substances holds great promise for revolutionizing vaccination methods. These patents aim to harness the potential of plants and other edibles to stimulate immune responses, offering a potential alternative to traditional injectable vaccines. This review states the technologies, host plants, current status, recent patents, the future of this new preventive modality, and different regulatory issues concerning edible vaccines.