长期以来,厌氧消化(AD)一直被研究为处理被顽固污染物污染的基质的有效环境和经济策略。在目前的工作中,我们调查了AD对被十氯酮(CLD)污染的有机废物的生物修复潜力,一种在法属西印度群岛广泛使用的有机氯农药,被归类为最持久的有机污染物。来自动物和植物来源的消化物补充有CLD并在产甲烷条件下孵育超过40天。氧化还原电位和pH监测表明,尽管存在CLD,但在整个孵育期间仍保留了产甲烷条件。此外,对有和没有CLD的消化液产生的总沼气的比较表明,CLD对沼气生产没有不利影响。第一次,aQuechers(快,Easy,便宜,有效,Rugged,和安全)提取方法,随后进行GC-MS和LC-HRMS分析,开发用于在AD实验中量化CLD及其主要已知转化产物(TP)。与中温条件(37.5°C)相比,在嗜热条件(55°C)下,CLD浓度的降低程度更大(CLD去除率分别为85%和42%,分别,孵育40天后)。CLD降解通过检测和定量几种TP得到证实:10-单氢CLD(A1),两个不同于2,8-二氢CLD(A3)的二氢CLD,五氯茚(B1),四氯茚(B2,B3/B4),四-和三氯茚羧酸(C1/C2,C3/C4)。使用QuEChERS方法确定TP浓度提供了AD中CLD命运的概述。总的来说,这些结果表明,AD过程可以有效地将CLD降解为几个来自A,B,和C族,同时保持令人满意的沼气生产。他们为开发能够处理农业生产的CLD污染有机废物的大规模AD工艺铺平了道路,从而停止任何进一步的CLD转移。
Anaerobic digestion (AD) has long been studied as an effective environmental and economic strategy for treating matrices contaminated with recalcitrant pollutants. In the present work, we investigated the bioremediation potential of AD on organic waste contaminated with chlordecone (CLD), an organochlorine pesticide extensively used in the French West Indies and classified among the most persistent organic pollutants. Digestates from animal and plant origins were supplemented with CLD and incubated under methanogenic conditions for over 40 days. The redox potential and pH monitoring showed that methanogenic conditions were preserved during the entire incubation period despite the presence of CLD. In addition, the comparison of the total biogas generated from digestates with and without CLD demonstrated no adverse effects of CLD on biogas production. For the first time, a QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) extraction method, followed by GC-MS and LC-HRMS analyses, was developed to quantify CLD and its main known transformation products (TPs) in AD experiments. A decrease in CLD concentrations was evident to a greater extent under thermophilic conditions (55 °C) compared to mesophilic conditions (37.5 °C) (CLD removal of 85 % and 42 %, respectively, after 40 days of incubation). CLD degradation was confirmed by the detection and quantification of several TPs: 10-monohydroCLD (A1), two dihydroCLDs different from 2,8-dihydroCLD (A3), pentachloroindene (B1), tetrachloroindenes (B2, B3/B4), tetra- and tri-chloroindenecarboxylic acids (C1/C2, C3/C4). Determining TPs concentrations using the QuEChERS method provided an overview of CLD fate in AD. Overall, these results reveal that AD processes can efficiently degrade CLD into several TPs from A, B, and C families while maintaining satisfactory biogas production. They pave the way to developing a scaled-up AD process capable of treating CLD-contaminated organic wastes produced by farming, thus stopping any further transfer of CLD.