目的:孕期烟草影响新生儿健康。目的是评估孕妇接触主动和被动烟草以及戒烟对早产风险和出生体重的影响。考虑其他风险因素。
方法:对282名健康孕妇进行纵向研究。General,收集产科和血液学数据,因为这是怀孕期间的吸烟习惯。孕妇被分类为“暴露于烟雾”(主动吸烟者和被动吸烟者)和“未暴露于烟雾”(非吸烟者和在怀孕期间戒烟的妇女)。
结果:不吸烟者占59.2%,18.4%活跃吸烟者,8.5%的二手吸烟者和13.8%的人戒烟。戒烟的未暴露孕妇与不吸烟妇女的早产和出生体重相似的孩子的风险相同。主动吸烟者和二手吸烟者的早产风险高于非吸烟者(比值比[OR]6.5,95%置信区间[95%CI]1.4-30.8和OR6.2,95%CI1.0-38.9,分别);孕早期和孕晚期血红蛋白水平升高具有保护作用(OR0.9,95%CI0.8-0.9).活跃和二手吸烟者的婴儿体重低于不吸烟者(约129和178克,分别)。
结论:孕期主动或被动吸烟和低血红蛋白水平与早产风险增加和低出生体重相关。怀孕期间停止吸烟可以防止这些有害影响。
OBJECTIVE: Tobacco during pregnancy affects the health of the newborn. The aim was to assess the effect of maternal exposure to active and passive tobacco and of smoking cessation on the risk of preterm deliveries and birth weight, taking into account other risk factors.
METHODS: Longitudinal study conducted in 282 healthy pregnant women. General, obstetrical and hematological data were collected as it was the smoking habit during pregnancy. Pregnant women were classified as \"exposed to smoke\" (active smoker and passive smoker) and \"unexposed to smoke\" (non-smokers and women who quitted smoking during pregnancy).
RESULTS: A percentage of 59.2 were non-smokers, 18.4% active smokers, 8.5% second-hand smokers and 13.8% had stopped smoking. Unexposed pregnant women who stopped smoking had the same risk of premature deliveries and children with similar birth weight as non-smoker women. Active and second-hand smokers were at higher risk of preterm deliveries than non-smokers (odds ratio [OR] 6.5, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.4-30.8 and OR 6.2, 95% CI 1.0-38.9, respectively); however, higher levels of hemoglobin in the 1st and 3rd trimester exerted a protective effect (OR 0.9, 95% CI 0.8-0.9). Active and second-hand smokers had babies weighing less than non-smokers (around 129 and 178g less, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS: Active or passive exposure to smoke during pregnancy and lower hemoglobin levels are associated with an increased risk of premature deliveries and lower birth weight. Stopping smoking during pregnancy prevents these detrimental effects.