Immune responses are widely accepted to be under circadian regulation via a molecular clock, with many practical consequences, but much less is known of how other biological rhythms could affect the immune system. In this study, we search for lunar rhythms (circalunar, circasemilunar, and circatidal cycles) in the immune expression of the recently marine-derived freshwater fish, the low-plate morph of the three-spined stickleback. We employed time series of immune expression (mRNA) measurements for 14 immune-associated genes, representing a variety of immunological pathways. Times series measurements were taken on fish populations in the wild, in seminatural outdoor mesocosms, and in the laboratory, according to sampling regimens originally designed to study circannual variation but with the additional potential to provide information about lunar variation. Our evidence best supported the existence of a very small endogenous tidal rhythm. This is consistent with previous suggestions of the existence of a primordial tidal endogenous clock, some elements of which may be conserved in animals evolving outside the marine environment.

The global trend in additive manufacturing is the technology of three-dimensional (3D) printing with a high potential to avoid some of the weaknesses of conventional fabrication techniques. This new technology has been used to manufacture small tidal and wind turbines. In isolated areas, small turbines can be manufactured and assembled on-site for green energy production. The purpose of this document is to evaluate the thermomechanical behavior of a printed tidal turbine using Digimat-AM (Additive Manufacturing) with fused filament fabrication method. The finite element computes the mechanical deflection, temperature, residual stresses, and warpage fields of the printed part. The composites used during printing are thermoplastic polymers (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polyamide 6 [PA6], polyamide 12 [PA12], and polyetherimide [PEI]) reinforced with carbon and glass fillers in the form of fibers and beads (CF/GF and CB/GB). Through the simulation, one could show that the blade printed with PEI-CB/CF has excellent mechanical performance of low mechanical deflection and warpage, compared to PA6-CB/CF. In addition, the fiber-shaped fillers are better than the bead-shaped ones for the 3D printing process. In general, this study has shown the potential and feasibility of 3D printing as an excellent opportunity in the fabrication of small blades in the future, but more studies are required to understand this potential.

UNASSIGNED: Specific resistance (SRaw) measurements in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients may be performed by panting or tidal breathing. The aim of this study was to compare how breathing frequency affected SRaw in COPD and compare different tangent plotting methods.
UNASSIGNED: Fifteen COPD patients participated. Three protocols were performed: tidal 1 - spontaneous tidal breathing; tidal 2 - tidal breathing with a flow of ±1 L/sec; panting - 60 breaths per min. Effective (SReff), total (SRtot), ±0.5 L/s (SR0.5), and mid (SRmid) specific resistance were assessed.
UNASSIGNED: The tidal breathing protocols provided similar results. Panting resulted in higher SReff (p = 0.0002) and SRtot (p < 0.0001) versus tidal breathing, but not SR0.5 or SRmid. Breathing frequency did not affect intra-test variance. SReff and SRtot measurements were similar, and were higher than SR0.5, during tidal breathing (p = 0.0014 and p < 0.0001 respectively) and panting (p = 0.0179 and p < 0.0001 respectively). SRtot was higher than SRmid during tidal breathing (p < 0.0001) and panting (p < 0.0001). Intra-test variance of SReff and SRtot were similar and showed the lowest percent coefficient of variation during both tidal breathing and panting.
UNASSIGNED: Panting and tidal breathing manoeuvres are not interchangeable in COPD patients. Panting widens the clubbing in the SRaw loop. SR0.5 and SRmid may underestimate abnormal physiology in COPD.

In estuarine environments, euryhaline fish maintain a narrow range of internal osmolality despite daily changes in environmental salinity that can range from fresh water (FW) to seawater (SW). The capacity of euryhaline fish to maintain homeostasis in a range of environmental salinities is primarily facilitated by the neuroendocrine system. One such system, the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis, culminates in the release of corticosteroids such as cortisol into circulation. Cortisol functions as both a mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid in fish because of its roles in osmoregulation and metabolism, respectively. The gill, a key site for osmoregulation, and the liver, the primary storage site for glucose, are known targets of cortisol\'s actions during salinity stress. While cortisol facilitates acclimation to SW environments, less is known on its role during FW adaptation. In this study, we characterized the responses of plasma cortisol, mRNA expression of pituitary pro-opiomelanocortin (pomc), and mRNA expression of liver and gill corticosteroid receptors (gr1, gr2, and mr) in the euryhaline Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) under salinity challenges. Specifically, tilapia were subjected to salinity transfer regimes from steady-state FW to SW, SW to FW (experiment 1) or steady state FW or SW to tidal regimen (TR, experiment 2). In experiment 1, fish were sampled at 0 h, 6 h, 1, 2, and 7 d post transfer; while in experiment 2, fish were sampled at day 0 and day 15. We found a rise in pituitary pomc expression and plasma cortisol following transfer to SW while branchial corticosteroid receptors were immediately downregulated after transfer to FW. Moreover, branchial expression of corticosteroid receptors changed with each salinity phase of the TR, suggesting rapid environmental modulation of corticosteorid action. Together, these results support the role of the HPI-axis in promoting salinity acclimation, including in dynamically-changing environments.

About 10% of all home peritoneal dialysis regimens in children with chronic kidney disease stage 5 are reported to involve some form of a tidal peritoneal dialysis (TPD) prescription. Despite this, there remain several gaps in how pediatric nephrologists approach the use of TPD. This stems from a combination of factors such as the confusing technical terminology pertaining to TPD, seemingly conflicting data on the risks, benefits, and indications for TPD, and lastly, limited published guidelines on the practical aspects of how to write a TPD prescription, based on the indication, in children. Our educational review, using evidence-based data, attempts to bridge this gap and provide an easy-to-use guide on the key practical aspects of TPD in children.

BACKGROUND: Zandelisib is a selective PI3Kδ inhibitor administered orally at 60 mg once daily (QD) for 2 cycles (response induction), then intermittent dosing (ID) on days 1-7 of subsequent 28-day cycles for maintenance, while potentially enabling regulatory T-cell recovery to reduce risk of immune adverse events (irAEs) seen with continuous PI3Kδ inhibition. In a phase Ib study of zandelisib in 37 R/R FL patients, the overall response rate (ORR) was 87% (78% single agent; 95% with rituximab), with only 8% discontinuations due to irAEs (Pagel ICML 2021).
OBJECTIVE: Topline results from the fully enrolled FL population from TIDAL, a global phase II study evaluating zandelisib in R/R indolent lymphomas (NCT03768505).
METHODS: Age ≥18y with FL Grade I-IIIA, progressive disease after ≥2 prior therapies, and no prior PI3K inhibitor. Consent required. FL sample size (planned): 120 patients. Primary efficacy population (PEP): first 91 patients treated.
METHODS: Zandelisib 60 mg QD for 2 cycles, followed by ID during cycle 3+.
METHODS: IRC-assessed ORR (Lugano criteria) after a minimum 6-month follow-up.
RESULTS: 91 FL patients in PEP (of 121 enrolled): median 3 prior therapies (range, 2-8), 21 (23%) prior stem cell transplant, 42 (46%) refractory to last therapy, 31 (34%) tumors ≥5 cm, 51 (56%) POD24. ORR was 70.3% (64/91; 95% CI: 59.8%, 79.5%) and complete response (CR) rate was 35.2% (32/91; 95% CI: 25.4%, 45.9%). Responses occurred early: 87.5% (56/91) occurred at end of Cycle 2, 75% (24/91) of CRs at end of Cycle 4. Data still immature for accurate duration of response (DOR) estimation. With median follow-up of 9.4 months (range, 0.8-24) for all 121 patients, 12 (9.9%) discontinued due to any treatment-related AE. Grade 3 AEs of special interest (AESI) included diarrhea (6/121; 5%), colitis (2/121; 1.7%), rash (4/121; 3.3%), stomatitis (3/121; 2.5%), and AST and ALT elevation and non-infectious pneumonitis (1/121 each; 0.8%). Most Grade 3 AESIs (15 [83%]) occurred during daily dosing (cycles 1-3).
CONCLUSIONS: Zandelisib on ID led to high ORR and CR rates in heavily pretreated FL patients and was associated with a low rate of grade 3 AESI and discontinuations due to treatment-related AEs.

Salinity is one of the main physical properties that govern the distribution of fishes across aquatic habitats. In order to maintain their body fluids near osmotic set points in the face of salinity changes, euryhaline fishes rely upon tissue-level osmotically-induced responses and systemic endocrine signaling to direct adaptive ion-transport processes in the gill and other critical osmoregulatory organs. Some euryhaline teleosts inhabit tidally influenced waters such as estuaries where salinity can vary between fresh water (FW) and seawater (SW). The physiological adaptations that underlie euryhalinity in teleosts have been traditionally identified in fish held under steady-state conditions or following unidirectional transfers between FW and SW. Far fewer studies have employed salinity regimes that simulate the tidal cycles that some euryhaline fishes may experience in their native habitats. With an emphasis on prolactin (Prl) signaling and branchial ionocytes, this mini-review contrasts the physiological responses between euryhaline fish responding to tidal versus unidirectional changes in salinity. Three patterns that emerged from studying Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) subjected to tidally-changing salinities include, 1) fish can compensate for continuous and marked changes in external salinity to maintain osmoregulatory parameters within narrow ranges, 2) tilapia maintain branchial ionocyte populations in a fashion similar to SW-acclimated fish, and 3) there is a shift from systemic to local modulation of Prl signaling.

A steadily increasing number of end stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients are maintained on automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) worldwide, in long-standing as well as in more recently established peritoneal dialysis (PD) programs. A better understanding of the technique, paralleled by progress in involved technology, sustained this growth to the point that APD has become the prevalent mode of PD delivery in most high-income countries. While APD is now regarded to be at least as efficient as continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) with regard to major biomedical outcomes, its impact on patient-reported outcomes has been less investigated. This paper reviews the main outcomes of APD from a clinical point of view and from the person on dialysis perspective.

A novel system was developed to deploy settlement panels to monitor biofouling growth in situ and evaluate antifouling coatings at depths representative of operational conditions of full-scale marine renewable energy devices. Biofouling loading, species diversity, and succession were assessed at depths ranging from 25-40 m at four tests sites in Orkney (UK) featuring extreme wave and tidal current exposure to more sheltered conditions. Evaluations were carried out over a period of 8 months with intermediate retrieval of samples after 3 months. Early pioneer fouling communities, comprised of colonial hydroids, were succeeded by tube-forming amphipods across sites while solitary tunicates dominated in greater shelter. The highest biofouling loading was observed on high-density polyethylene (HDPE) panels (6.17 kg m-2) compared with coated steel (3.34 kg m-2) panels after 8 months. Distinct assemblages were present at exposed vs sheltered sites. Better understanding of fouling and antifouling strategies may provide guidance to more effectively manage biofouling impacts in this sector.

Recent longitudinal observations show that human menstrual cycles, sleep-wake cycles and manic-depressive cycles can become synchronized with lunar cycles, but do so in uniquely complex and heterogeneous ways that are unlikely to have been detected by past studies. Past studies\' negative results have given rise to a scientific consensus that human biology and behavior are unaffected by lunar cycles. The recent observations show that synchrony can be temporary, and can occur with more than one type of lunar cycle, more than one phase of a lunar cycle and more than one resonant frequency of a lunar cycle. Given the variability of human responses to lunar cycles, aggregate analyses used in almost all previous studies would likely have cancelled out individuals\' responses and led to false negative results. In light of these observations, the question of lunar influence should be investigated further, with longitudinal observations and case-by-case analyses of individuals\' data.