In the modern digital market flooded by nearly endless cyber-security hazards, sophisticated IDS (intrusion detection systems) can become invaluable in defending against intricate security threats. Sybil-Free Metric-based routing protocol for low power and lossy network (RPL) Trustworthiness Scheme (SF-MRTS) captures the nature of the biggest threat to the routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks under the RPL module, known as the Sybil attack. Sybil attacks build a significant security challenge for RPL networks where an attacker can distort at least two hop paths and disrupt network processes. Using such a new way of calculating node reliability, we introduce a cutting-edge approach, evaluating parameters beyond routing metrics like energy conservation and actuality. SF-MRTS works precisely towards achieving a trusted network by introducing such trust metrics on secure paths. Therefore, this may be considered more likely to withstand the attacks because of these security improvements. The simulation function of SF-MRTS clearly shows its concordance with the security risk management features, which are also necessary for the network\'s performance and stability maintenance. These mechanisms are based on the principles of game theory, and they allocate attractions to the nodes that cooperate while imposing penalties on the nodes that do not. This will be the way to avoid damage to the network, and it will lead to collaboration between the nodes. SF-MRTS is a security technology for emerging industrial Internet of Things (IoT) network attacks. It effectively guaranteed reliability and improved the networks\' resilience in different scenarios.

Cyber-security challenges are growing globally and are specifically targeting critical infrastructure. Conventional countermeasure practices are insufficient to provide proactive threat hunting. In this study, random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), multi-layer perceptron (MLP), AdaBoost, and hybrid models were applied for proactive threat hunting. By automating detection, the hybrid machine learning-based method improves threat hunting and frees up time to concentrate on high-risk warnings. These models are implemented on approach devices, access, and principal servers. The efficacy of several models, including hybrid approaches, is assessed. The findings of these studies are that the AdaBoost model provides the highest efficiency, with a 0.98 ROC area and 95.7% accuracy, detecting 146 threats with 29 false positives. Similarly, the random forest model achieved a 0.98 area under the ROC curve and a 95% overall accuracy, accurately identifying 132 threats and reducing false positives to 31. The hybrid model exhibited promise with a 0.89 ROC area and 94.9% accuracy, though it requires further refinement to lower its false positive rate. This research emphasizes the role of machine learning in improving cyber-security, particularly for critical infrastructure. Advanced ML techniques enhance threat detection and response times, and their continuous learning ability ensures adaptability to new threats.

Understanding electrical hazards and implementing safety measures is paramount to protecting lives and property. Therefore, this research investigates electrical hazards in households and safety measures taken by residents in Sokode-Etoe, Ghana. The primary objective is to identify gaps in knowledge regarding electrical hazards among domestic electricity consumers and offer recommendations to enhance safety and mitigate the risks. The data were systematically collected from 200 participants, including both homeowners and tenants, using a structured questionnaire. The results were presented using Likert scale analysis, sample t-test, binary logistic regression analysis, involving statistical hypothesis testing of predictor variable coefficients, Importance-Performance Map Analysis (IPMA) and Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA). Participants showed a high awareness of electrical hazards, yet demonstrated a weaker grasp of safety practices, correct emergency procedures, and infrequent testing of wiring systems by homeowners. The predominant electrical accident that emerged was electrical shock. Most homeowners have not engaged certified electrical inspectors for a decade, reflecting uncertainty about the safety protocols in place. Furthermore, respondents expressed a degree of uncertainty regarding the safety measures implemented in their households concerning electricity usage. This study underscores the pressing need to raise awareness and promote safe electrical practices in residential environments. Such an educational initiative could utilize a variety of communication channels, social media influencers, renowned personalities, customised mobile applications and other platforms. This research stands out as the inaugural investigation offering a comprehensive examination of the hazards related to energy consumption and safety precautions in Ghana. It focuses on an often-overlooked demographic of electricity users in Ghana, shedding light on domestic electrical safety issues and the growing hazards.

The African penguin is currently experiencing a significant decline, with just over 10,000 breeding pairs left. A substantial body of research reflects the impacts of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) on the marine environment, with wastewater treatment plants reported as one of the main sources of CEC release. In South Africa, CECs were identified contaminating the marine environment and bioaccumulating in several marine species. Approximately 70 % of all African penguin colonies breed in close proximity to cities and/or harbors in South Africa. Currently, the impact of CECs as a stressor upon the viability of African penguin populations is unknown. Based on the search results there was a clear lack of information on CECs\' bioaccumulation and impact on the African penguin. This narrative review will thus focus on the prevalent sources and types of CECs and examine the reported consequences of constant exposure in seabirds, particularly African penguins.

Doxxing, a type of cyberbullying, occurs when an individual\'s personal information is shared without consent and with malintent. Doxxing can be seen as a form of vigilantism, a way to hold others accountable for their actions or opinions; however, this form of justice can have catastrophic impacts on the victim, especially physicians. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, where physicians and health care providers strongly led public health advocacy efforts on social media, the frequency of doxxing and cyberbullying has increased. Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) initiatives have also recently sparked controversy in dermatology and medicine, where advocates for DEI and those opposed to DEI initiatives have also been doxxed. This behavior is incredibly taxing on an individual\'s mental health, with substantial negative implications on a person\'s social, personal, and professional life. We discuss the ethical considerations of doxxing and avenues for better protecting physicians.

UNASSIGNED: The advancement of digital health technologies (DHTs) in the healthcare industry has revolutionized healthcare by improving efficiency and accessibility. The shift from paper-based records to electronic health records (EHRs) as a result of modern technologies introduced various security threats, endangering patient data privacy and system reliability. This study explores intricate security threats among healthcare professionals affecting DHT utilization.
UNASSIGNED: A structured questionnaire was designed to solicit for data from healthcare professionals on the existence of possible security threats, magnitude of physical and technical threats, and the extent to which the activities of staff and vendors affect the current DHTs being utilized in Cape Coast Teaching Hospital and Directorate of University Health Services at the University of Cape Coast. Purposive and convenience sampling techniques were employed to select healthcare professionals from various medical fields, and their views were captured for the study.
UNASSIGNED: Findings and data analyzed from the study revealed that technical threats, such as hacking, phishing, malware, and encryption weaknesses, pose more substantial dangers to DHTs compared to physical threats. The study explored viable strategies to prevent unauthorized access to DHTs and safeguard patient information. Encouraging measures, such as encryption, multi-factor authentication, regular security training, and periodic password changes, emerged as promising methods in addressing DHT security threats.
UNASSIGNED: The study emphasizes the necessity of robust security measures and regular updates to effectively counter the emerging security threats. It underscores the critical necessity for a comprehensive protocol to enhance DHT security, addressing physical, technical, and personnel-related threats.

As healthcare systems transition into an era dominated by quantum technologies, the need to fortify cybersecurity measures to protect sensitive medical data becomes increasingly imperative. This paper navigates the intricate landscape of post-quantum cryptographic approaches and emerging threats specific to the healthcare sector. Delving into encryption protocols such as lattice-based, code-based, hash-based, and multivariate polynomial cryptography, the paper addresses challenges in adoption and compatibility within healthcare systems. The exploration of potential threats posed by quantum attacks and vulnerabilities in existing encryption standards underscores the urgency of a change in basic assumptions in healthcare data security. The paper provides a detailed roadmap for implementing post-quantum cybersecurity solutions, considering the unique challenges faced by healthcare organizations, including integration issues, budget constraints, and the need for specialized training. Finally, the abstract concludes with an emphasis on the importance of timely adoption of post-quantum strategies to ensure the resilience of healthcare data in the face of evolving threats. This roadmap not only offers practical insights into securing medical data but also serves as a guide for future directions in the dynamic landscape of post-quantum healthcare cybersecurity.

Prefrontal cortical (PFC) circuits provide top-down control of threat reactivity. This includes ventromedial PFC (vmPFC) circuitry, which plays a role in suppressing fear-related behavioral states. Dynorphin (Dyn) has been implicated in mediating negative affect and maladaptive behaviors induced by severe threats and is expressed in limbic circuits, including the vmPFC. However, there is a critical knowledge gap in our understanding of how vmPFC Dyn-expressing neurons and Dyn transmission detect threats and regulate expression of defensive behaviors. Here, we demonstrate that Dyn cells are broadly activated by threats and release Dyn locally in the vmPFC to limit passive defensive behaviors. We further demonstrate that vmPFC Dyn-mediated signaling promotes a switch of vmPFC networks to a fear-related state. In conclusion, we reveal a previously unknown role of vmPFC Dyn neurons and Dyn neuropeptidergic transmission in suppressing defensive behaviors in response to threats via state-driven changes in vmPFC networks.

There has been a lack of short and simple screening instruments to assess the risk of violence in youth. Many acute youth departments have used the V-RISK-10, a risk screener for adults. V-RISK-Y is a risk screener based on the V-RISK-10 and adapted to youths. Our aim was to compare the predictive validity between V-RISK-Y and VRISK-10 in an emergency psychiatric adolescent ward. Target population were all 92 patients admitted within one year, and study population consisted of 49 (53 %) patients who had completed data. V-RISK-10 and V-RISK-Y were scored at admission and compared with recorded episodes of violence during the hospitalization. V-RISK-Y showed higher AUC values for recorded violence and some of the individual items also showed better results. Most differences were not significant, but results may still be of clinical interest.

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, queer, and allied (LGBTQIA+) individuals encounter challenges with access and engagement with health services. Studies have reported that LGBTQIA+ individuals experience stigma, discrimination, and health workers\' microaggression when accessing health care. Compelling evidence suggests that the LGBTQIA+ community faces disproportionate rates of HIV infection, mental health disorders, substance abuse, and other noncommunicable diseases. The South African National Strategic Plan for HIV or AIDS, tuberculosis, and sexually transmitted infections, 2023-2028 recognizes the need for providing affirming LGBTQIA+ health care as part of the country\'s HIV or AIDS response strategy. However, current anecdotal evidence suggests paucity of LGBTQIA+ and key populations\' health content in the undergraduate health science curricula in South Africa. Moreover, literature reveals a general lack of health worker training regarding the health needs of LGBTQIA+ persons and other key populations such as sex workers, people who inject drugs, and men who have sex with men.
This study aimed to describe the design of a project that aims at facilitating the inclusion of health content related to the LGBTQIA+ community and other key populations in the undergraduate nursing curricula of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
A multimethods design encompassing collection of primary and secondary data using multiple qualitative designs and quantitative approaches will be used to generate evidence that will inform the co-design, testing, and scale-up of strategies to facilitate the inclusion of LGBTQIA+ and key populations content in the undergraduate nursing curricula in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Data will be collected using a combination of convenience, purposive, and snowball sampling techniques from LGBTQIA+ persons; academic staff; undergraduate nursing students; and other key populations. Primary data will be collected through individual in-depth interviews, focus groups discussions, and surveys guided by semistructured and structured data collection tools. Data collection and analysis will be an iterative process guided by the respective research design to be adopted. The continuous quality improvement process to be adopted during data gathering and analysis will ensure contextual relevance and sustainability of the resultant co-designed strategies that are to be scaled up as part of the overarching objective of this study.
The proposed study is designed in response to recent contextual empirical evidence highlighting the multiplicity of health challenges experienced by LGBTQIA+ individuals and key populations in relation to health service delivery and access to health care. The potential findings of the study may be appropriate for contributing to the education of nurses as one of the means to ameliorate these problems. Data collection is anticipated to commence in June 2024.
This research has potential implications for nursing education in South Africa and worldwide as it addresses up-to-date problems in the nursing discipline as it pertains to undergraduate students\' preparedness for addressing the unique needs and challenges of the LGBTQIA+ community and other key populations.
PRR1-10.2196/52250.