从水生生态系统中去除染料是对生命的主要威胁。为了增强亚甲基蓝(MB)染料的修复,通过结合磷酸地质聚合物(PAGP)合成了一种新型三元生物聚合物-地质聚合物-表面活性剂复合吸附剂,海藻酸钙(Alg),和十二烷基硫酸钠(SLS)。在复合材料的合成过程中,PAGP和SLS与藻酸盐基质混合,生产多孔混合珠。使用不同的分析工具对制备的PAGP-SLS-藻酸盐(PSA)珠进行了表征,即,扫描电子显微镜(SEM),傅里叶变换红外分光光度法(FTIR),X射线衍射仪(XRD)表面积和孔隙率(SAP),和热重分析(TGA)。为了确定吸附过程的理想条件,使用间歇式反应器程序来研究几个参数对MB吸附的影响,包括pH(2,4,6,8,10),PSA吸附剂用量(0.06-0.12g),MB浓度(50-500mg/L),接触时间(15至300分钟),和温度(25、35和45°C)。SEM研究表明,产生了具有6-8μm空隙的~1860μm尺寸的PSA珠粒。基于XRD,FTIR,和SAP考试,材料是无定形的,具有许多官能团和6.42nm的平均孔径。pH值的变化对吸附过程影响不大,并且发现7.44的pH是PSA珠的pHpzc。根据批量研究的结果,在270-300分钟内获得平衡吸附,表明吸附过程适度缓慢且有效。在50-500mg/L的浓度范围内,染料的吸附量随初始染料浓度线性增加,随温度升高而下降。0.06g吸附剂剂量,25°C,pH10和270min是吸附实验的较好条件。与Freundlich相比,Langmuir等温线很好,Temkin,和Dubinin-Radushkevich(DR)等温线模型的实验数据,计算的最大吸附容量(qmax)为1666.6mg。g-1.伪二阶(PSO)动力学模型和多步骤(两)颗粒内扩散(IPD)模型对吸附动力学数据拟合良好。系统的熵,吉布斯自由能,和焓的变化被测量并且发现为-109.171J.mol-1。K-1,-8.198至-6.014千焦。mol-1,和-40.747kJ。mol-1。热力学研究表明,吸附过程是放热的,积极有利,导致随机性降低。pH效应证实了化学吸附是主要机制,朗缪尔等温线,PSO动力学,IPD模型,和热力学参数。在120分钟内使用乙醇成功再生PSA珠,并重复使用五次。总而言之,PSA吸附剂的1666.66mg/g的令人印象深刻的吸附能力突出了其作为亚甲基蓝去除的成功解决方案的潜力。这项研究的结果增加了复杂吸附材料信息的扩展语料库,并证明了PSA在废水处理和环境清理中的实际应用潜力。
The removal of dyes from the aquatic ecosystem is necessary being a major threat to life. For enhanced remediation of methylene blue (MB) dye, a new ternary biopolymer-geopolymer-surfactant composite adsorbent is synthesized by combining phosphoric acid geopolymer (PAGP), calcium alginate (Alg), and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS). During the synthesis of the composites, PAGP and SLS were mixed with the alginate matrix, producing porous hybrid beads. The PAGP-SLS-alginate (PSA) beads prepared were characterized using different analytical tools, i.e., scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), surface area and porosimetery (SAP), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). To ascertain the ideal conditions for the adsorption process, a batch reactor procedure was used to investigate the effects of several parameters on MB adsorption, including pH (2, 4, 6, 8, 10), PSA adsorbent dosage (0.06-0.12 g), MB concentration (50-500 mg/L), contact time (15 to 300 min), and temperature (25, 35, and 45 °C). The SEM investigation indicated that ~ 1860 μm-sized PSA beads with 6-8 μm voids are generated. Based on XRD, FTIR, and SAP examinations, the material is amorphous, having numerous functional groups and an average pore size of 6.42 nm. Variation of pH has a little effect on the adsorption process, and the pH of 7.44 was found to be the pHpzc of the PSA beads. According to the findings of the batch study, equilibrium adsorption was obtained in 270-300 min, showing that the adsorption process was moderately slow-moving and effective. The dye adsorption linearly increased with initial dye concentration over concentration range of 50-500 mg/L and reciprocally decreased with rise in temperature. 0.06 g adsorbent dose, 25 °C, pH10, and 270 min were found to be the better conditions for adsorption experiments. Langmuir isotherm fitted well compared to Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich (DR) isotherm models on the experimental data, and the maximum adsorption capacity(qmax) calculated was 1666.6 mg. g-1. Pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetics model and multi steps (two) intra particle diffusion (IPD) model fitted well on the adsorption kinetics data. The system\'s entropy, Gibbs free energy, and change in enthalpy were measured and found to be -109.171 J. mol-1. K-1, - 8.198 to - 6.014 kJ. mol-1, and - 40.747 kJ. mol-1.
Thermodynamics study revealed that adsorption process is exothermic, energetically favorable and resulting in the decrease in randomness. Chemisorption is found to be the dominant mechanism as confirmed by pH effect, Langmuir isotherm, PSO kinetics, IPD model, and
thermodynamics parameters. PSA beads were successfully regenerated using ethanol in a course of 120 min and re-used for five times. To sum up, the PSA adsorbent\'s impressive adsorption capability of 1666.66 mg/g highlights its potential as a successful solution for methylene blue removal. The results of this study add to the expanding corpus of information on sophisticated adsorption materials and demonstrate PSA\'s potential for real-world uses in wastewater treatment and environmental clean-up.