热喷涂涂层是具有独特结构和性能的材料系统,使关键的现代技术(即,燃气轮机,结构集成的组件,等。).这些喷涂涂层的固有性质,例如它们独特的热和机械性能,一直是维持工业利益的驱动力。尽管有这些好处,并且在几个领域取得了成功,在新应用中采用热喷涂技术(即,清洁能源转换,半导体热喷涂材料,生物医学应用,等。)有时,然而,受到了阻碍。一个可能的原因可能是难以同时保持涂层设计考虑,同时克服涂层及其制造的复杂性。例如,涂料设计者必须考虑固有的性能各向异性,熔融材料的飞行中分解(即,化学计量损失),并且偶尔在沉积期间形成无定形材料。这些挑战增加了在新领域采用热喷涂技术的风险。然而,除了已经提到的行业之外,其他行业都受益于承担在其基础设施中实施热喷涂涂层的风险。好处可以量化,例如,基于降低的制造成本或增强的组件性能。在这篇综述论文中,介绍了这些行业中热喷涂涂层技术发展的历史介绍。此外,还将讨论尚未达到这种热喷涂成熟水平的新兴产业。最后,如果适用,将证明多层功能热喷涂涂层设计的实用性和优点。
Thermal spray coatings are material systems with unique structures and properties that have enabled the growth and evolution of key modern technologies (i.e., gas turbines, structurally integrated components, etc.). The inherent nature of these sprayed coatings, such as their distinctive thermal and mechanical properties, has been a driving force for maintaining industrial interest. Despite these benefits and proven success in several fields, the adoption of thermal spray technology in new applications (i.e., clean energy conversion, semiconductor thermally sprayed materials, biomedical applications, etc.) at times, however, has been hindered. One possible cause could be the difficulty in concurrently maintaining coating design considerations while overcoming the complexities of the coatings and their fabrication. For instance, a coating designer must consider inherent property anisotropy, in-flight decomposition of molten material (i.e., loss of stoichiometry), and occasionally the formation of amorphous materials during deposition. It is surmisable for these challenges to increase the risk of adoption of thermal spray technology in new fields. Nevertheless, industries other than those already mentioned have benefited from taking on the risk of implementing thermal spray coatings in their infrastructure. Benefits can be quantified, for example, based on reduced manufacturing cost or enhanced component performance. In this overview paper, a historical presentation of the technological development of thermal spray coatings in several of these industries is presented. Additionally, emerging industries that have not yet attained this level of thermal spray maturation will also be discussed. Finally, where applicable, the utility and benefits of multilayer functional thermal spray coating designs will be demonstrated.