小脑与社交能力和自闭症有关。鉴于小脑通过小脑-丘脑-皮质环连接到皮质，参与社交互动的小脑和皮质区域之间的连通性，也就是说,右颞顶叶交界处（rTPJ）已在自闭症患者中进行了研究，他们遭受社交能力的典型缺陷。然而,现有的分类小样本研究，由于自闭症的固有异质性，病例对照比较产生了不一致的结果，这表明调查临床维度与小脑-rTPJ功能连接的关系可能更相关。因此,我们的目的是研究小脑和rTPJ之间的功能连接，在诊断样本中，从维度角度关注其与社交能力的关联。我们分析了结构磁共振成像（MRI）和功能磁共振成像（fMRI）扫描在自然电影观看过程中从一个大的诊断数据集，健康大脑网络（HBN）并检查了小脑-rTPJ功能连接与社会反应性量表（SRS）测量的社交能力之间的关联。我们进行了单变量种子-体素分析，多元典型相关分析(CCA)，和预测支持向量回归(SVR)。我们在结构分析中包括1404名受试者（年龄：10.516±3.034，范围：5.822-21.820，506名女性）和414名受试者（年龄：11.260±3.318岁，范围：6.020-21.820，161名女性）。我们的CCA模型揭示了小脑-rTPJ功能连接之间的显著关联，全面智商（FSIQ）和SRS评分。然而,这种效应主要由SVR和单变量种子-体素分析所提示的FSIQ驱动.我们还证明了rTPJ的特异性以及结构解剖学在此关联中的影响。我们的结果表明，小脑-rTPJ连通性之间存在复杂的关系，社会绩效和智商。这种关系特定于小脑-rTPJ连通性，很大程度上与这两个区域的结构解剖有关。实践要点：我们分析了儿科诊断样本中的小脑-右颞顶交界（rTPJ）连接。我们发现小脑和rTPJ连通性之间存在复杂的关系，社会绩效和智商。小脑和rTPJ功能连接与这两个区域的结构解剖有关。
The cerebellum has been involved in social abilities and autism. Given that the cerebellum is connected to the cortex via the cerebello-thalamo-cortical loop, the connectivity between the cerebellum and cortical regions involved in social interactions, that is, the right temporo-parietal junction (rTPJ) has been studied in individuals with autism, who suffer from prototypical deficits in social abilities. However, existing studies with small samples of categorical, case-control comparisons have yielded inconsistent results due to the inherent heterogeneity of autism, suggesting that investigating how clinical dimensions are related to cerebellar-rTPJ functional connectivity might be more relevant. Therefore, our objective was to study the functional connectivity between the cerebellum and rTPJ, focusing on its association with social abilities from a dimensional perspective in a transdiagnostic sample. We analyzed structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional MRI (fMRI) scans obtained during naturalistic films watching from a large transdiagnostic dataset, the Healthy Brain Network (HBN), and examined the association between cerebellum-rTPJ functional connectivity and social abilities measured with the social responsiveness scale (SRS). We conducted univariate seed-to-voxel analysis, multivariate canonical correlation analysis (CCA), and predictive support vector regression (SVR). We included 1404 subjects in the structural analysis (age: 10.516 ± 3.034, range: 5.822-21.820, 506 females) and 414 subjects in the functional analysis (age: 11.260 ± 3.318 years, range: 6.020-21.820, 161 females). Our CCA model revealed a significant association between cerebellum-rTPJ functional connectivity, full-scale IQ (FSIQ) and SRS scores. However, this effect was primarily driven by FSIQ as suggested by SVR and univariate seed-to-voxel analysis. We also demonstrated the specificity of the rTPJ and the influence of structural anatomy in this association. Our results suggest that there is a complex relationship between cerebellum-rTPJ connectivity, social performance and IQ. This relationship is specific to the cerebellum-rTPJ connectivity, and is largely related to structural anatomy in these two regions. PRACTITIONER POINTS: We analyzed cerebellum-right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ) connectivity in a pediatric transdiagnostic sample. We found a complex relationship between cerebellum and rTPJ connectivity, social performance and IQ. Cerebellum and rTPJ functional connectivity is related to structural anatomy in these two regions.
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