tape stripping

胶带剥离
  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    BACKGROUND: Stratum corneum (SC) is essential for skin barrier function, mitigating water loss and shielding against potentially harmful substances and allergens. The SC\'s lipid matrix, arranged in a lamellar structure, is integral to its protective role. Our study explores the restoration effects of a multilamellar cream with an acidic pH compared to a basic placebo cream on skin physiology and its interaction with the skin microbiome after stress induction via tape stripping (TS).
    METHODS: In this double-blind study, 14 healthy participants aged 21-58 years were assessed pre- and post-tape stripping, followed by a 14 days application of a multilamellar test cream and a placebo cream with evaluations on days 7, 14 and 17 for sustained effects. Skin physiology was analysed in terms of epidermal barrier function, SC hydration and surface pH. The microbiome was analysed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing the 16S rRNA gene using Illumina MiSeq, with subsequent species identification.
    RESULTS: Our study showed significant improvements in skin barrier repair and SC hydration with verum, particularly after 14 days of application, while both creams initially enhanced stratum corneum hydration. No significant changes in surface-pH were detected. The skin microbiome analysis revealed that TS slightly decreased alpha diversity, a trend that verum significantly reversed, enhancing diversity beyond baseline levels after 14 days. Overall, while both creams contributed to a broader microbial phyla diversity over time, no significant changes in the abundance of specific genera or species were noted between treatments.
    CONCLUSIONS: Our study delineates the efficacy of a pH-optimized multilamellar cream in enhancing epidermal barrier recovery and SC hydration post-sequential TS, in contrast to an unstructured basic placebo. Verum cream significantly improved skin barrier function and SC hydration at day 14, with sustained effects evident beyond the treatment period. Furthermore, the multilamellar formulation facilitated the restitution of cutaneous microbiome diversity, a key indicator of healthy skin ecology, underscoring the symbiotic relationship between barrier integrity and microbial composition. These findings underscore the importance of multilamellar emollient structures in dermatological therapeutics, with potential implications for the design of advanced skincare interventions that holistically support cutaneous resilience and homeostasis.
    BACKGROUND: La couche cornée (stratum corneum, SC) est essentielle pour la fonction de barrière cutanée, atténuant la perte d’eau et protégeant contre les substances et allergènes potentiellement nocifs. Disposée selon une structure lamellaire, la matrice lipidique de la SC est constitutive de son rôle protecteur. Notre étude explore les effets de restauration d’une crème multilamellaire à pH acide par rapport à une crème placebo de base sur la physiologie de la peau et son interaction avec le microbiome de la peau après induction de stress via un test tape stripping (TS). MATÉRIELS ET MÉTHODES: Dans cette étude en double aveugle, 14 participants en bonne santé âgés de 21 à 58 ans ont été évalués avant et après tape stipping, puis ont procédé à l’application pendant 14 jours d’une crème test multilamellaire et d’une crème placebo avec des évaluations aux jours 7, 14 et 17 pour les effets durables. La physiologie de la peau a été analysée en termes de fonction de la barrière épidermique, d’hydratation SC et de pH de surface. Le microbiome a été analysé par séquençage de l’amplicon de l’ARNr 16S sur le gène de l’ARNr 16S à l’aide d’Illumina MiSeq, avec identification ultérieure des espèces. RÉSULTATS: Notre étude a montré des améliorations significatives de la réparation de la barrière cutanée et de l’hydratation SC avec le traitement actif, en particulier après 14 jours d’application, tandis que les deux crèmes avaient initialement amélioré l’hydratation de la couche cornée. Aucun changement significatif du pH de surface n’a été détecté. L’analyse du microbiome cutané a révélé que le TS diminuait légèrement la diversité alpha, une tendance qui s’est significativement inversée avec le traitement actif : une amélioration de la diversité au‐delà des taux initiaux était observée après 14 jours. Dans l’ensemble, bien que les deux crèmes aient contribué à une plus grande diversité des phyla microbiennes au fil du temps, aucune variation significative dans l’abondance de genres ou d’espèces spécifiques n’a été observée entre les traitements.
    UNASSIGNED: Notre étude délimite l’efficacité d’une crème multilamellaire à pH optimisé pour améliorer la réparation de la barrière épidermique et l’hydratation SC après un TS séquentiel, contrairement à un placebo basique non structuré. La crème contenant le traitement actif a significativement amélioré la fonction de barrière cutanée et l’hydratation SC au jour 14, avec des effets durables évidents au‐delà de la période de traitement. En outre, la formulation multilamellaire a facilité la restitution de la diversité du microbiome cutané, un indicateur clé d’une écologie de peau en bonne santé, soulignant la relation symbiotique entre l’intégrité de la barrière et la composition microbienne. Ces résultats soulignent l’importance des structures émollientes multilamellaires dans les traitements dermatologiques, avec des implications potentielles pour la conception d’interventions cutanées avancées qui soutiennent de manière holistique la résilience cutanée et l’homéostasie.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    目的:研究富含C-木甙的面霜的修复和抗皱功效,旨在综合评价其皮肤抗衰老作用,阐明其潜在作用机制。
    方法:在3D表皮皮肤模型上研究修复效果,在离体人皮肤上研究抗衰老效果。对中国女性进行了两项临床研究。在第一项研究中,招募49名年龄在30至50岁之间有皱纹问题的受试者,并指示他们使用含有C-木聚糖苷的研究乳膏8周。皱纹属性由皮肤科医生评估。皮肤水合的仪器测量,经表皮失水(TEWL),和皮肤弹性也进行了。在第二项研究中,招募了30名年龄在25至60岁之间的自我声明为敏感皮肤和面部发红的受试者,并指示他们使用乳膏4周。通过面部胶带条进行角质层的生物标志物分析。
    结果:乳膏改善了SLS刺激后3D表皮皮肤模型的组织形态,显著增加LOR和FLG的表达。在人类皮肤上,乳膏改善了紫外线诱导的组织病理学,显著增加了COLⅠ和COLⅢ的蛋白质含量,皮肤胶原密度和Ki-67阳性细胞数与模型组比较(n=3,p<0.01)。第一项临床研究的结果表明,皮肤的水合作用和弹性显着增加了21.90%,13.08%(R2)和12.30%(R5),分别为(n=49,p<0.05),TEWL值下降33.94%(n=49,p<0.05),8周后应用奶油。此外,鼻唇沟的得分,眼睑皱纹,眼睛下面的皱纹,志愿者的乌鸦脚皱纹和前额皱纹表现出34.02%的显著减少,43.34%,50.03%,分别为33.64%和55.81%(n=49,p<0.05)。在使用样品霜后,基于胶带剥离的志愿者的(rCE)/(fCE)比率显著增加(n=30,p<0.05)。
    结论:含C-木糖苷的乳膏可改善皮肤皱纹,增强皮肤屏障功能。这些功效可归因于样品乳膏可增加皮肤屏障相关蛋白LOR和FLG的表达。促进角质化包膜的成熟,增强胶原蛋白I和III蛋白表达并刺激皮肤细胞增殖,提供足够的证据支持其对皮肤的抗衰老功效。
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the repairing and anti-wrinkle efficacy of the facial cream enriched with C-xyloside, aiming at comprehensively evaluating its skin anti- aging effect and clarify its potential mechanism of action.
    METHODS: The repairing efficacy was studied on 3D epidermis skin model and the antiaging efficacy was studied on ex-vivo human skin. Two clinical studies were conducted with Chinese females. In the first study, 49 subjects aged between 30 and 50 with wrinkle concerns were recruited and instructed to apply the investigational cream containing C-xyloside for 8 weeks. Wrinkles attributes were assessed by dermatologist. Instrumental measurements on skin hydration, trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), and skin elasticity were also conducted. In the second study, 30 subjects aged between 25 and 60 with self-declared sensitive skin and facial redness were recruited and instructed to apply the cream for 4 weeks. Biomarker analysis of the stratum corneum was conducted through facial tape strips.
    RESULTS: The cream improved the histomorphology of the 3D epidermis skin model after SLS stimulation, and significantly increase the expression of LOR and FLG. On human skin, the cream improved the histopathology induced by UV, and significantly increased the protein content of COL I and COL III, collagen density and the number of Ki-67 positive cell of skin compared with model group (n = 3, p < 0.01). The results from the first clinical study demonstrate a significant increased the skin hydration and elasticity by 21.90%, 13.08% (R2) and 12.30% (R5), respectively (n = 49, p < 0.05), and the TEWL values decreased by 33.94% (n = 49, p < 0.05), after 8 weeks application of the cream. In addition, the scores for nasolabial folds, glabellar wrinkle, underneath eye wrinkles, crow\'s feet wrinkle and forehead wrinkle in the volunteers exhibited a significant reduction of 34.02%, 43.34%, 50.03%, 33.64% and 55.81% respectively (n = 49, p < 0.05). The (rCE)/(fCE) ratio of volunteers based on tape stripping significant increased after using the sample cream (n = 30, p < 0.05).
    CONCLUSIONS: The cream containing C-xyloside showed improvement of skin wrinkles and enhancement of skin barrier function. These efficacies may be attributed to the fact that the sample cream can increase the expression of skin barrier related proteins LOR and FLG, promote the maturation of cornified envelope, enhance collagen I and III protein expression and stimulate skin cell proliferation, to provide sufficient evidence supporting its antiaging efficacy of skin.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    合成单链磷脂(SSCBs)是药物递送中的新型赋形剂,具有作为稳定剂或增溶剂的潜力。然而,它们对皮肤屏障功能的影响尚未得到全面研究。因此,在水性系统中研究了两种SSCB(PC-C24-PC和PC-C32-PC)对模型渗透物渗透到猪皮肤中的影响。测试0.05-5%w/w的浓度;PC-C24-PC制剂是低粘度液体,而PC-C32-PC在室温下形成粘性分散体凝胶。比较了制剂增强荧光素钠渗透的能力(SF,0.1%w/w)通过胶带剥离进入皮肤。使用近红外光密度法,评价了SSCB制剂对角质细胞内聚性的影响.数据与磷脂混合物LipoidS-75、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、和聚乙二醇12-羟基硬脂酸酯(PEG-HS),和蒸馏水作为阴性对照。与假设相反,两种SSCB都未能增加SF对角质层的渗透,但与水相比,渗透深度显着下降。两种SSCB均表现出5%w/w的角质层分离效果,导致从皮肤表面大量去除蛋白质。因此,SSCBs可能无法增强亲水性药物向皮肤的渗透,但可以用作角质层分离剂。
    Synthetic single-chain bolalipids (SSCBs) are novel excipients in drug delivery, with potential as stabilizers or solubilizers. However, their impact on skin barrier function has not been comprehensively studied. Therefore, two SSCBs (PC-C24-PC and PC-C32-PC) were studied in aqueous systems for their impact on penetration of a model permeant into porcine skin. Concentrations of 0.05 - 5 % w/w were tested; PC-C24-PC formulations were low-viscosity liquids while PC-C32-PC formed viscous dispersions to gels at room temperature. Formulations were compared for their ability to enhance sodium fluorescein penetration (SF, 0.1 % w/w) into skin via tape stripping. Using NIR-densitometry, the effect of SSCB formulations on corneocyte cohesion was evaluated. Data were compared with phospholipid mixture Lipoid S-75, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and polyethylene glycol 12-hydroxystearate (PEG-HS), and distilled water as negative control. Contrary to the hypothesis, both SSCBs failed to increase SF penetration into the stratum corneum, but rather showed a significant decrease in penetration depth compared to water. Both SSCBs exhibited a keratolytic effect at 5 % w/w, leading to substantial removal of proteins from the skin surface. Consequently, SSCBs may not enhance penetration of hydrophilic drugs into skin, but could be used as keratolytic agents.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    人类皮肤微生物组的组成深刻地影响宿主皮肤健康和疾病。然而,皮肤稳态或皮肤病的发展与皮肤微生物组成的日常变化之间的关系知之甚少。以更频繁的间隔进行纵向采样将解决这个问题,虽然传统的抽样方法存在技术困难,导致抽样机会受到限制。这里,我们开发了一种简单而稳定的胶带剥离方法,而不考虑操作员的技能。我们的方法可以在30秒内进行皮肤微生物采样,并从同一身体部位采集多个皮肤微生物样本。多个采样点之间的微生物DNA的量可以在13.5%内测量。多次采样的测序结果具有较高的一致性,多个样本之间的皮尔逊相关系数为0.98。此外,这些结果与通过常规拭子方法收集的结果相当。这些结果表明我们的胶带剥离方法能够实现简单的微生物组收集和高度可靠的定量皮肤微生物组分析。我们的方法的这些特征将通过增加微生物取样的机会而导致在临床研究中对皮肤病发展或皮肤状况诊断的进一步理解。
    The composition of human skin microbiome profoundly impacts host skin health and disease. However, the relationship between skin homeostasis or the development of skin diseases and daily changes in skin microbial composition is poorly understood. Longitudinal samplings at more frequent intervals would address this issue, while conventional sampling methods have technical difficulties, leading to limitations in sampling opportunities. Here, we developed a simple and stable tape-stripping method regardless of the operator\'s skill. Our method enables skin microbial sampling within 30 seconds and taking multiple skin microbial samples from the same body site. The amount of microbial DNA among multiple sampling sites could be measured within 13.5%. The sequencing results of multiple sampling showed high consistency, Pearson\'s correlation coefficient between multiple samples of 0.98. Furthermore, these results were comparable to those collected by the conventional swabbing method. These results demonstrate that our tape-stripping method enables simple microbiome collection and highly reliable quantitative skin microbiome analysis. These features of our method would lead to a further understanding of skin disease development or diagnosis of skin conditions in clinical research by increasing the opportunities for microbial sampling.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    L-抗坏血酸是最有效的抗氧化剂之一,光保护,抗衰老,和抗色素沉着药妆剂,具有良好的安全性。然而,主要挑战是稳定的局部制剂产品的配方,这将优化L-抗坏血酸通过皮肤的渗透性。我们研究的目的是评估抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯在皮肤上的性能,掺入乳膏和乳液(2%)作为载体,以及确定其掺入脂质体对该成分渗透曲线的影响。胶带剥离用于研究抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯向角质层的渗透。此外,确定了制剂的感官和质地性质。与非脂质体对应物相比,脂质体制剂表现出更好的活性物质渗透曲线(p<0.05)。导致乳液和乳膏在角质层中渗透的抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯总量增加了1.3倍和1.2倍,分别。将抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯包封到脂质体中导致制备的乳膏和乳化剂样品的粘附性和密度增加。在脂质体样品中检测到应用期间的最佳铺展性和吸收。所获得的结果证实,抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯的脂质体包封改善了乳膏和乳化凝胶制剂的皮肤渗透。
    L-ascorbic acid represents one of the most potent antioxidant, photoprotective, anti-aging, and anti-pigmentation cosmeceutical agents, with a good safety profile. However, the main challenge is the formulation of stable topical formulation products, which would optimize the penetrability of L-ascorbic acid through the skin. The aim of our research was to evaluate the performance of ascorbyl palmitate on the skin, incorporated in creams and emulgels (2%) as carriers, as well as to determine the impact of its incorporation into liposomes on the penetration profile of this ingredient. Tape stripping was used to study the penetration of ascorbyl palmitate into the stratum corneum. In addition, the sensory and textural properties of the formulations were determined. The liposomal formulations exhibited a better penetration profile (p < 0.05) of the active substance compared to the non-liposomal counterpart, leading to a 1.3-fold and 1.2 fold-increase in the total amount of penetrated ascorbyl palmitate in the stratum corneum for the emulgel and cream, respectively. Encapsulation of ascorbyl palmitate into liposomes led to an increase in the adhesiveness and density of the prepared cream and emulgel samples. The best spreadability and absorption during application were detected in liposomal samples. The obtained results confirmed that liposomal encapsulation of ascorbyl palmitate improved dermal penetration for both the cream and emulgel formulations.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    他扎罗汀是一种广泛用于寻常痤疮和斑块状牛皮癣的局部类维生素A,与皮肤刺激有关,干燥度,剥落,和光敏性。研究了他扎罗汀在皮肤上的人和全层猪皮肤上的体外渗透。在各种皮肤模型中研究了他扎罗汀向活性形式他扎罗汀酸的转化。使用纳米沉淀技术制备了负载他扎罗汀的PLGA纳米颗粒,以有效地靶向皮肤和毛囊。配方和加工变量对纳米颗粒性质的影响,如粒径和载药量,被调查。优化的纳米粒子批次粒径<500μm进一步表征FT-IR分析,这表明他扎罗汀和PLGA之间没有相互作用。扫描电子显微镜分析显示均匀,球形,和非团聚的纳米颗粒。使用透析膜的体外释放研究表明,不同批次在36小时内持续释放40-70%,遵循基于Higuchi模型的基于扩散的释放机制。在全厚度猪皮肤中的体外渗透测试(IVPT)显示,与溶液相比,来自纳米颗粒的毛囊和皮肤递送显著增强。来自他扎罗汀纳米颗粒的他扎罗汀酸在皮肤中的存在表明纳米颗粒制剂在保持生物转化能力和靶向卵泡递送方面的有效性。
    Tazarotene is a widely prescribed topical retinoid for acne vulgaris and plaque psoriasis and is associated with skin irritation, dryness, flaking, and photosensitivity. In vitro permeation of tazarotene was studied across the dermatomed human and full-thickness porcine skin. The conversion of tazarotene to the active form tazarotenic acid was studied in various skin models. Tazarotene-loaded PLGA nanoparticles were prepared using the nanoprecipitation technique to target skin and hair follicles effectively. The effect of formulation and processing variables on nanoparticle properties, such as particle size and drug loading, was investigated. The optimized nanoparticle batches with particle size <500 µm were characterized further for FT-IR analysis, which indicated no interactions between tazarotene and PLGA. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed uniform, spherical, and non-agglomerated nanoparticles. In vitro release study using a dialysis membrane indicated a sustained release of 40-70 % for different batches over 36 h, following a diffusion-based release mechanism based on the Higuchi model. In vitro permeation testing (IVPT) in full-thickness porcine skin showed significantly enhanced follicular and skin delivery from nanoparticles compared to solution. The presence of tazarotenic acid in the skin from tazarotene nanoparticles indicated the effectiveness of nanoparticle formulations in retaining bioconversion ability and targeting follicular delivery.
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  • 文章类型: Case Reports
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    开发了用于皮肤病学应用的新型制剂以解决广泛的患者需求和治疗挑战。通过突破制药技术的极限,这些配方努力提供更安全的,更有效,和患者友好的皮肤科问题的解决方案,最终提高皮肤科护理的整体质量。本文探讨了不同类型的新型皮肤病学配方,包括纳米载体,透皮贴剂,微海绵,还有微针,以及这些创新制剂的皮肤药代动力学中涉及的技术。此外,强调了了解皮肤药代动力学的重要性以及药代动力学评估过程中面临的困难。本文研究了用于新型皮肤病学制剂的药代动力学评估的所有方法。除了对早期技术的简要概述之外,关于新方法的讨论,包括胶带剥离,体外渗透测试,皮肤微透析,共聚焦拉曼显微镜,并进行了基质辅助激光解吸/电离质谱分析。还讨论了诸如使用微流体装置进行皮肤吸收研究和预测药物药代动力学的计算模型的新兴技术。这篇文章是研究人员的宝贵资源,科学家,和制药专业人员决心加强对新型皮肤病药物产品和皮肤药代动力学的复杂动力学的开发和理解。
    Novel formulations are developed for dermatological applications to address a wide range of patient needs and therapeutic challenges. By pushing the limits of pharmaceutical technology, these formulations strive to provide safer, more effective, and patient-friendly solutions for dermatological concerns, ultimately improving the overall quality of dermatological care. The article explores the different types of novel dermatological formulations, including nanocarriers, transdermal patches, microsponges, and microneedles, and the techniques involved in the cutaneous pharmacokinetics of these innovative formulations. Furthermore, the significance of knowing cutaneous pharmacokinetics and the difficulties faced during pharmacokinetic assessment have been emphasized. The article examines all the methods employed for the pharmacokinetic evaluation of novel dermatological formulations. In addition to a concise overview of earlier techniques, discussions on novel methodologies, including tape stripping, in vitro permeation testing, cutaneous microdialysis, confocal Raman microscopy, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry have been conducted. Emerging technologies like the use of microfluidic devices for skin absorption studies and computational models for predicting drug pharmacokinetics have also been discussed. This article serves as a valuable resource for researchers, scientists, and pharmaceutical professionals determined to enhance the development and understanding of novel dermatological drug products and the complex dynamics of cutaneous pharmacokinetics.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    花生过敏的患病率正在增加,强调需要动物模型来增强我们对花生过敏发病机制的理解,并推进诊断工具和治疗干预措施。虽然小鼠经常被用作模型生物,它们的过敏反应并不能完全反映在人类身上观察到的反应,保证对高等动物模型的探索。猪的胃肠系统与人类非常相似,表现出类似于人类反应的过敏症状,使猪成为花生过敏研究的有希望的模型。
    在这项研究中,我们比较了两种过敏原致敏方案,包括在反复胶带剥离(TS)或腹膜内(IP)注射后局部应用过敏原,以诱导小型猪的花生特异性过敏和过敏反应。通过IP或TS途径用花生蛋白提取物(PE)和霍乱毒素(CT)的组合致敏的小型猪。
    通过两种方法致敏的猪产生了全身性PE特异性IgG和IgE应答。在通过IP路由挑战花生之后,TS和IP致敏的猪都表现出过敏症状,包括嗜睡,皮疹,呕吐,体温下降。然而,仅在通过TS途径致敏的猪中观察到呼吸窘迫,而在通过IP途径致敏的猪中观察不到呼吸窘迫.然而,值得注意的是,两组致敏猪在致敏后保持了长达两个月的花生超敏反应,尽管过敏症状的严重程度有所减轻。重要的是,两组均表现出持续的PE特异性IgG水平,IgE,以及IP挑战后血液中肥大细胞蛋白酶浓度升高。
    总的来说,这项研究报告TS和IP是两种不同的致敏模式,导致小型猪发生花生特异性过敏反应,但只有TS致敏导致全身过敏反应(同时存在症状:呼吸困难,强烈的皮疹,和行动不便)。这些致敏方案的显著特征是使受试者致敏的100%成功率(每组N=4只猪)。
    UNASSIGNED: The prevalence of peanut allergies is increasing, emphasizing the need for an animal model to enhance our understanding of peanut allergy pathogenesis and to advance diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions. While mice are frequently used as model organisms, their allergic responses do not fully mirror those observed in humans, warranting the exploration of a higher animal model. The porcine gastrointestinal system closely resembles that of humans, and exhibits allergy symptoms akin to human responses, making pigs a promising model for peanut allergy research.
    UNASSIGNED: In this study we compared two allergen sensitization protocols involving either topical allergen application after repeated tape stripping (TS) or intraperitoneal (IP) injections to induce peanut-specific allergy and anaphylaxis reactions in mini pigs. Mini pigs sensitized with a combination of peanut protein extract (PE) and cholera toxin (CT) through either the IP or the TS route.
    UNASSIGNED: Sensitized pigs via both methods developed systemic PE-specific IgG and IgE responses. Following peanut challenge via the IP route, both TS- and IP-sensitized pigs displayed allergy symptoms, including lethargy, skin rashes, vomiting, and a drop in body temperature. However, respiratory distress was observed exclusively in pigs sensitized through the TS route and not in those sensitized through the IP route. However, it is noteworthy that both groups of sensitized pigs maintained peanut hypersensitivity for up to two months post-sensitization, albeit with a reduction in the severity of allergy symptoms. Importantly, both groups exhibited sustained levels of PE-specific IgG, IgE, and elevated concentrations of mast cell protease in their blood following the IP challenges.
    UNASSIGNED: Overall, this study reports TS and IP as two different modes of sensitization leading to onset of peanut specific allergic reactions in mini pigs, but only the TS-sensitization led to systemic anaphylaxis (simultaneous presence of symptoms: breathing difficulty, intense skin rash, and impaired mobility). A distinctive feature of these sensitization protocols is the 100% success rate (N = 4 pigs per group) in sensitizing the subjects.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    表皮的屏障功能对纳米颗粒介导的局部递送提出了重大挑战。该屏障功能的关键因素是表皮内的角质层(SC)层的厚度。在不同的解剖部位有所不同。来自手掌和脚底的表皮,例如,与其他地区相比,SC更厚。以前的研究已经尝试通过使用物理破坏来绕过SC层进行纳米颗粒渗透;然而,这些研究主要集中在不厚的皮肤上。在这项研究中,我们研究了SC破坏机械物理策略(胶带剥离和微针磨损)在厚皮肤和薄皮肤上的作用,使用来自大鼠的离体皮肤模型允许局部施用的纳米颗粒的经皮渗透。我们的发现表明,胶带剥离可使厚皮中SC的整体厚度减少87%,从67.4±17.3µm到8.2±8.5µm,而它只减少了38%的薄皮肤SC,从9.9±0.6µm到6.2±3.2µm。与非厚皮相比,厚皮中的SC破坏导致更高的纳米颗粒扩散。胶带剥离有效地减少了厚皮肤的SC厚度,并且可以潜在地用于在影响厚皮肤的皮肤状况中增强局部施用的纳米颗粒的渗透。
    The barrier function of the epidermis poses a significant challenge to nanoparticle-mediated topical delivery. A key factor in this barrier function is the thickness of the stratum corneum (SC) layer within the epidermis, which varies across different anatomical sites. The epidermis from the palms and soles, for instance, have thicker SC compared to those from other areas. Previous studies have attempted to bypass the SC layer for nanoparticle penetration by using physical disruption; however, these studies have mostly focused on non-thick skin. In this study, we investigate the role of SC-disrupting mechano-physical strategies (tape-stripping and microneedle abrasion) on thick and thin skin, in allowing transdermal penetration of topically applied nanoparticles using an ex-vivo skin model from rat. Our findings show that tape-stripping reduced the overall thickness of SC in thick skin by 87%, from 67.4 ± 17.3μm to 8.2 ± 8.5μm, whereas it reduced thin skin SC by only 38%, from 9.9 ± 0.6μm to 6.2 ± 3.2μm. Compared to non-thick skin, SC disruption in thick skin resulted in higher nanoparticle diffusion. Tape-stripping effectively reduces SC thickness of thick skin and can be potentially utilized for enhanced penetration of topically applied nanoparticles in skin conditions that affect thick skin.
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