背景:在发展中国家,由猪带虫引起的寄生虫感染是一个重要的公共卫生问题。幼虫侵入身体组织导致囊虫病(CC),而中枢神经系统(CNS)受累会导致脑囊虫病(NCC)。两种情况都表现出不同的临床表现,而伴随的HIV感染对外周和中枢神经系统免疫反应的潜在影响在撒哈拉以南非洲地区尤其普遍,仍然知之甚少。本研究旨在确定HIV合并感染对CC和NCC患者的潜在影响。
方法:在坦桑尼亚两个地区进行了一项横断面分析的巢式研究,对234名参与者(110名HIV+和124名HIV-)进行了囊虫病抗体测试,抗原,CD4计数和血清Th1和Th2细胞因子经由多重基于珠子的免疫测定。127例囊虫病血清阳性个体接受了头颅计算机断层扫描(CCT),并评估了临床症状。进行多元回归分析以确定CC和NCC患者中与HIV引起的细胞因子调节相关的因素。
结果:血清学,18.8%的猪囊虫病抗体检测呈阳性,HIV+和HIV+无显著差异。与HIV-(28.2%)相比,HIV个体中的囊虫病抗原阳性率(43.6%)明显更高(p=0.016)。CCT扫描显示,总共有10.3%的人患有活动性脑囊肿(NCC)。我们的研究发现,HIV+和HIV-参与者合并感染CC和NCC的总体细胞因子谱没有显著变化,除了IL-5在患有囊虫病的HIV+个体中升高。此外,通常,HIV感染与促炎细胞因子和某些抗炎细胞因子(例如TNF-α)水平升高有关。IL-8和IFN-γ。然而,基于相互作用分析,在CC或NCC患者中未观察到由于HIV引起的细胞因子变化.
结论:结论:而HIV感染本身显著调节关键细胞因子如TNF-α的水平,IL-8和IFN-γ,它不调节由于CC或NCC引起的任何细胞因子变化。这强调了HIV对免疫系统的主要影响,并强调了有效的抗逆转录病毒疗法在管理HIV和CC/NCC共感染个体的免疫反应中的重要性。
BACKGROUND: The parasitic infection caused by Taenia solium represents a significant public health concern in developing countries. Larval invasion of body tissues leads to cysticercosis (CC), while central nervous system (CNS) involvement results in neurocysticercosis (NCC). Both conditions exhibit diverse clinical manifestations, and the potential impact of concomitant HIV infection especially prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa on peripheral and CNS immune responses remains poorly understood. This study aimed to identify the potential impact of HIV coinfection in CC and NCC patients.
METHODS: A nested study within a cross-sectional analysis in two Tanzanian regions was performed and 234 participants (110 HIV+ and 124 HIV-) were tested for cysticercosis antibodies, antigens, CD4 counts and serum Th1 and Th2 cytokines via multiplex bead-based immunoassay. 127 cysticercosis seropositive individuals underwent cranial computed tomography (CCT) and clinical symptoms were assessed. Multiple regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with cytokine modulation due to HIV in CC and NCC patients.
RESULTS: Serologically, 18.8% tested positive for cysticercosis antibodies, with no significant difference HIV+ and HIV+. A significantly higher rate of cysticercosis antigen positivity was found in HIV+ individuals (43.6%) compared to HIV- (28.2%) (p = 0.016). CCT scans revealed that overall 10.3% had active brain cysts (NCC+). Our study found no significant changes in the overall cytokine profiles between HIV+ and HIV- participants coinfected CC and NCC, except for IL-5 which was elevated in HIV+ individuals with cysticercosis. Furthermore, HIV infection in general was associated with increased levels of pro-and some anti-inflammatory cytokines e.g. TNF-α, IL-8, and IFN-γ. However, based on the interaction analyses, no cytokine changes were observed due to HIV in CC or NCC patients.
CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, while HIV infection itself significantly modulates levels of key cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-8, and IFN-γ, it does not modulate any cytokine changes due to CC or NCC. This underscores the dominant influence of HIV on the immune system and highlights the importance of effective antiretroviral therapy in managing immune responses in individuals coinfected with HIV and CC/NCC.