接触性皮炎是由于与环境中的化学物质直接接触而引起的炎性皮肤反应,本质上可以是刺激性或过敏性的。接触性皮炎的临床症状,包括局部皮疹,瘙痒,发红,肿胀,和病变。如今,15-20%的人有一定程度的接触性皮炎,这可能或多或少严重。过敏性接触性皮炎(ACD)中的免疫反应是由于细胞因子和过敏原特异性CD4和CD8T细胞对皮肤的影响。酸和碱,如排水清洁剂,像一品红这样的植物,头发颜色,和指甲油去除剂,都是刺激性接触性皮炎(ICD)的主要原因。重金属是具有高原子量的金属元素,其在低量下是有害的,并且已知在全身或局部暴露后引起皮炎。镍(Ni),铬(Cr),铅(Pb),铜(Cu)是各种行业中最常见的重金属。金属过敏可能会导致ACD和全身性接触性皮炎(SCD)。接触性皮炎可通过斑贴检测等实验室检测,淋巴细胞刺激试验(LST),并通过外周血单核细胞的原代培养物评估细胞因子的产生。本文介绍了三种重金属(Cr,Cu,和Pb)。由于最近的报道,没有讨论Ni。此外,对一些其他重金属的接触敏感性的影响,如黄金(Au),钴(Co),钯(Pd),和汞(Hg)进行了讨论。
Contact dermatitis is an inflammatory skin reaction caused by direct contact with chemical substances in the environment and can either be irritant or allergic in nature. The clinical symptoms of contact dermatitis, include local skin rash, itching, redness, swelling, and lesions. Nowadays, 15-20% of people have some degree of contact dermatitis, which can be more or less severe. Immune responses in allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) are due to the effects of cytokines and allergen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells on the skin. Acids and alkalis such as drain cleaners, plants such as poinsettias, hair colors, and nail polish remover, are all prominent causes of irritant contact dermatitis (ICDs). Heavy metals are metallic elements with a high atomic weight that are hazardous in low quantities and are known to cause dermatitis after systemic or local exposure. Nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and copper (Cu) are among the most common heavy metals used in various industries. Metal allergies may cause ACD and also systemic contact dermatitis (SCD). Contact dermatitis is detected by laboratory tests such as patch testing, lymphocyte stimulation test (LST), and evaluation of cytokine production by primary cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This article presents an update on the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of ACD and SCD caused by three heavy metals (Cr, Cu, and Pb). Ni is not discussed due to recent coverage. Furthermore, the effects of contact sensitivity to some other heavy metals, such as gold (Au), cobalt (Co), palladium (Pd), and mercury (Hg) are discussed.