电催化是一种非常有前途的技术,广泛应用于清洁能源转化。持续需要开发先进的电催化剂来催化关键的电化学反应。整合金属活性物质,包括各种金属纳米结构(NS)和原子分散金属位点(ADMS),金属有机骨架(MOF)导致形成有希望的非均相电催化剂,该催化剂利用了两种组分。其中,MOFs可以为客体金属上的活性位点提供支持和保护,和产生的主体-客体相互作用可以协同增强电催化性能。在这次审查中,MOF-金属非均相电催化剂关于催化位点的三个关键问题,电导率,首先介绍了催化稳定性。然后,MOFs和金属的合理整合战略,包括通过表面锚固集成金属NS,空间限制,和MOF涂层,以及将AMSs与金属节点/接头或MOF的孔内集成,以及他们在特定电化学反应协同合作方面的最新进展。最后,还提供了应用这些日益关注的电催化剂的当前挑战和可能的解决方案。
Electrocatalysis is a highly promising technology widely used in clean energy conversion. There is a continuing need to develop advanced electrocatalysts to catalyze the critical electrochemical reactions. Integrating metal active species, including various metal nanostructures (NSs) and atomically dispersed metal sites (ADMSs), into metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) leads to the formation of promising heterogeneous electrocatalysts that take advantage of both components. Among them, MOFs can provide support and protection for the active sites on guest metals, and the resulting host-guest interactions can synergistically enhance the electrocatalytic performance. In this review, three key concerns on MOF-metal heterogeneous electrocatalysts regarding the catalytic sites, conductivity, and catalytic stability are first presented. Then, rational integration strategies of MOFs and metals, including the integration of metal NSs via surface anchoring, space confining, and MOF coating, as well as the integration of ADMSs either with the metal nodes/linkers or within the pores of MOFs, along with their recent progress on synergistic cooperation for specific electrochemical reactions are summarized. Finally, current challenges and possible solutions in applying these increasingly concerned electrocatalysts are also provided.