蛋白质的C1q/TNF超家族参与与各种疾病相关的生理功能的多效性。C1QL蛋白在内分泌中表现出重要的保护和调节作用,免疫,心血管,人类和啮齿动物研究中的神经系统。中枢神经系统(CNS)的研究,脂肪,和肌肉组织揭示了几种C1QL蛋白和受体通路改变多种细胞反应,包括细胞融合,形态学,和附着力。这篇综述研究了这些系统中的C1QL蛋白,根据体外和体内数据总结功能和疾病关联,突出细胞反应,受体相互作用伙伴,和C1QL相关蛋白信号通路。我们强调了C1QL蛋白在组织CNS突触中的功能,调节突触体内平衡,维持兴奋性突触,以及介导信号和跨突触连接。然而,虽然这些关联是已知的,目前的研究对它们多效性的潜在分子机制提供了不足的见解,包括特定的蛋白质相互作用和功能途径。因此,我们建议在几个领域进行更深入和跨学科的假设检验。
The C1q/TNF superfamily of proteins engages in a pleiotropy of physiological functions associated with various diseases. C1QL proteins demonstrate important protective and regulatory roles in the endocrine, immune, cardiovascular, and nervous systems in both human and rodent studies. Studies in the central nervous system (CNS), adipose, and muscle tissue reveal several C1QL protein and receptor pathways altering multiple cellular responses, including cell fusion, morphology, and adhesion. This review examines C1QL proteins across these systems, summarizing functional and disease associations and highlighting cellular responses based on in vitro and in vivo data, receptor interaction partners, and C1QL-associated protein signaling pathways. We highlight the functions of C1QL proteins in organizing CNS synapses, regulating synapse homeostasis, maintaining excitatory synapses, and mediating signaling and trans-synaptic connections. Yet, while these associations are known, present studies provide insufficient insight into the underlying molecular mechanism of their pleiotropy, including specific protein interactions and functional pathways. Thus, we suggest several areas for more in-depth and interdisciplinary hypothesis testing.