OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of latanoprost on choroidal thickness in patients with newly diagnosed primary open-angle glaucoma using Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography (SS-OCT).
METHODS: The retrospective, non-randomized study comprised 40 newly diagnosed primary open-angle glaucoma patients receiving latanoprost therapy (Group 1). Additionally, 40 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects served as the control group (Group 2). Using SS-OCT, measurements of subfoveal, horizontal temporal, and horizontal nasal quadrants choroidal thickness, as well as intraocular pressure (IOP) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness values, were collected at baseline and after 1 month for both groups.
RESULTS: The mean age was 39.8±4.15 years (range: 18-45 years) in group 1 and 41.67±7.95 years (range: 18-45 years) in group 2 (p>0.05). The mean choroidal thickness in the subfoveal area, horizontal temporal quadrant, and horizontal nasal quadrant prior to latanoprost therapy were 263.57±84.23 μm, 233.05±80.08 μm, and 219.52±83.28 μm in the group 1 whereas 278.9±93.88 μm, 243.8±73.37 μm and 209.85±92.92 μm in the group 2. After latanoprost therapy, the mean choroidal thickness in the subfoveal area, horizontal temporal quadrant, and horizontal nasal quadrant changed significantly to 299.77±41.29 μm, 269.9±43.80 μm, and 261.32±45.60 μm in the group 1 (p=0.02, p=0.016, and p=0.012, respectively) (Table 1). However, the mean choroidal thickness in the subfoveal area, horizontal temporal quadrant and horizontal nasal quadrant in group 2 changed not significant and was 279.25±103.37 μm, 246.42±87.07 μm and 203.62±106.74 μm, respectively (p=0.4, p=0.5 and p=0.9, respectively). The mean IOP decreased significantly in group 1 (p=0.000) but did not change significantly in group 2 (p=0.153). There was no difference in RNFL thickness values at baseline and 1 st month in group 1 and group 2 (p>0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Topical latanoprost may increase choroidal thickness. Swept Source-OCT may contribute to our understanding of the actions of latanoprost on choroidal thickness.

OBJECTIVE: To assess central and peripheral retinal and choroidal diseases using ultra-widefield (UWF) fundus imaging in combination with navigated central and peripheral cross-sectional and three-dimensional (3D) swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) scans.
METHODS: Retrospective study involving 332 consecutive patients, with a nearly equal distribution of males and females. The mean age of patients was 52 years (range 18-92 years). Average refractive error was -3.80 D (range +7.75 to -20.75 D).
RESULTS: The observations in this study demonstrate the efficacy of peripheral navigated SS-OCT in assessing various ocular conditions. The technology provides high-quality images of the peripheral vitreous, vitreoretinal interface, retina, and choroid, enabling visualization of vitreous floaters and opacities, retinal holes and tears, pigmented lesions, and peripheral retinal degenerations. 3D OCT scans enhance the visualization of these abnormalities and improve diagnostic and therapeutic decisions.
CONCLUSIONS: Navigated central and peripheral cross-sectional and 3D SS-OCT scans offer significant complementary benefits in the assessment and management of retinal diseases. Their addition to UWF imaging provides a comprehensive view of central and peripheral ocular structures, aiding in early detection, precise anatomical measurements, and objective monitoring of disease progression. In addition, this technology serves as a valuable tool for patient education, a teaching tool for trainees, and documentation for medico-legal purposes.

Purpose: To compare the morphological characteristics of Schlemm\'s canal (SC) in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and healthy controls, using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) with en face reconstruction. Methods: In this Prospective comparative study, we included 100 eyes from 50 patients diagnosed with POAG and 50 healthy controls. Three-dimensional cube and line scans of the temporal and nasal quadrants of the anterior segment of the limbus were acquired using SS-OCT. SC was identified using en face and cross-sectional images. The diameter and area of SC in cross-sectional images and the visible percentage and area of SC in en face images were measured using ImageJ. Results: SC was observed in 84% of en face images and 81% of cross-sectional images in eyes with POAG but in 92% of en face images and 86% of cross-sectional images in control eyes. Significant differences between the POAG and normal control eyes were found in the en face area (0.35 ± 0.14 mm2 vs. 0.56 ± 0.22 mm2 in the temporal quadrant and 0.36 ± 0.14 mm2 vs. 0.58 ± 0.23 mm2 in the nasal quadrant; both p < 0.001) and visible percentage of SC (85.71% vs. 94.91% and 87.10% vs. 95.52% in the temporal and nasal quadrant respectively, both p < 0.001) in en face images as well as the cross-sectional area (2790.9 ± 942.2 μm2 vs. 4138.6 ± 2027.8 μm2 in the temporal quadrant and 2805.7 ± 947.2 μm2 vs. 4224.0 ± 2002.2 μm2 in the nasal quadrant, both p < 0.001) and diameter of SC (123.1 ± 25.4 μm vs. 149.5 ± 34.7 μm in the temporal quadrant and 126.3 ± 28.9 μm vs. 155.3 ± 36.0 μm in the nasal quadrant, both p < 0.001) in cross-section images. In addition, the mean intraocular pressure (IOP) significantly correlated with the en face area, visible percentage of SC, and cross-sectional area in the temporal and nasal quadrants. Conclusion: SS-OCT can obtain high-quality en face images of SC without post-acquisition processing. Eyes with POAG had a decreased en face SC area compared with normal eyes. A correlation between SC area, visible percentage of en face images, and IOP was also observed.

OBJECTIVE: The Suprachoroidal Space (SCS) is a theoretical structure which can be demonstrated between the inner border of the sclera and the outer boundary of the choroid. SCS is being studied for its potential uses as a route for drug delivery and innovative surgical techniques for the treatment of many retinal diseases. Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of inherited eye disorders characterized by a gradual loss of photoreceptors, resulting in vision impairment, which typically presents as night blindness and progressive visual field loss. The purpose of the study is to define the morphology of outer choroidal margins by means of SS-OCT in RP.
METHODS: This is a retrospective observational study designed to evaluate the presence of SCS in RP. We performed Swept Source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) in a group of 55 patients affected by RP (26 males and 29 females, 110 eyes) with a mean age of 51.8 ± 13.7 years. In the control group, we included 28 healthy subjects (6 males and 22 females, 56 eyes) with a mean age of 48,8 ± 16,6 years.
RESULTS: OCT scans allowed the outer choroidal margin and inner scleral margin to be delineated with certainty in all 110 eyes. In the RP group SCS was detected in 47 of 110 eyes (42,7%), in the control group SCS was detected in 11 eyes (19,6%). Subjects with SCS visible (RP group) had reduced retinal thickness (168.4 µm) compared to those with not visible SCL (211.2 µm, P = .007).
CONCLUSIONS: SS-OCT can be successfully applied to assess the presence of SCS in RP and the high rate of SCS found in the RP patients is encouraging when considering future innovative therapies.

UNASSIGNED: To determine the change in macular thickness after uncomplicated phacoemulsification surgery using optical coherence tomography in a tertiary care hospital.
UNASSIGNED: This study was conducted at Department of Ophthalmology Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre Karachi, for 6 months from 10th Dec 2019 to 10th June 2020. Sample size calculation of 52 eyes was done by using open epi software. Patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria that is age ranging from 50 to 75 years, either gender with senile cataract having no preexisting ocular or systemic disease and those giving consent were included in this study. Patients with any comorbidity ocular trauma, having pre-existing ocular diseases such as active ocular infection, glaucoma, maculopathy or retinopathy were excluded from study. Patients with secondary cataract also excluded from study. After complete history, all patients underwent detailed ophthalmologic examination and Pre-surgery macular thickness recorded by using swept source OCT (DRI-OCT-2 Triton; Topcon). Surgery was performed and intraocular lens was implanted in all cases. Post procedure Macular thickness was measured using swept source OCT at 1st postoperative day, 1st month and 6th month after surgery.
UNASSIGNED: The mean age of patients was 62.06 ± 5.1 years. Total of 52 eyes diagnosed with senile cataract were included in this study. There were 30 (57.7%) males and 22(42.3%) females. The mean preoperative central foveal thickness was 201.3±24.8μm. The postoperative central foveal thickness was 200.3±25.2μm (153-265μm) at day 1st of surgery, 224.1 ± 53.8 μm (151-458 μm) at 1st month and 212.4±28.3μm (167-255μm) 6th month after surgery. The mean preoperative BCVA was 0.70 ± 0.43 (0.1-1.7) logMAR. The postoperative mean BCVA was 0.26 ± 0.42 (0.00-3.10) logMAR at 1st day, 0.07± 0.10 (0.000.7) logMAR at 1st month and 0.05 ± 0.10 (0.00-0.3) logMAR at 6th month.
UNASSIGNED: In our study we found an increase in macular thickness but there was no loss of BCVA from changes of macular thickness after surgery and the mean BCVA increased progressively in postoperative period.

We evaluated the closure of full-thickness macular holes (MHs) the day after surgery in minimizing the burden and maximizing patient outcomes. Herein, 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy, internal limiting membrane peeling, and fluid-gas (20% sulfur hexafluoride) were performed for the treatment. Patients were instructed to remain in the facedown position until the confirmation of MH closure, and the position was discontinued in cases where the closure was confirmed. In total, 43 eyes of 43 patients, whose average age was 69.7 ± 8.6 years, were enrolled in this study. We used swept source (SS)-optical coherence tomography (OCT) for the confirmation of MH closure for gas-filled eyes and used spectral domain (SD)-OCT for the reconfirmation of MH closure after the gas volume was reduced to less than half of the vitreous cavity. MH closure was confirmed in 40 eyes (93%, the closure group) on the next day after surgery. The time from surgery to SS-OCT imaging was 24.7 h. Although facedown positioning was terminated in cases where MH closure was confirmed, there were no cases in which the MH was re-opened afterward. The basal and minimum MH size was significantly larger in the non-closure group than that in the closure group (p = 0.027, p = 0.043, respectively). Therefore, checking with SS-OCT the day after surgery and terminating facedown positioning in cases where MH closure was confirmed would be a useful method, removing a great burden for the elderly without sacrificing the MH closure rate.

UNASSIGNED: To compare the prediction accuracy of the Argos biometer using standard keratometry to the prediction accuracy of the IOLMaster 700 biometer using Total Keratometry.
UNASSIGNED: This was a randomized, prospective, single surgeon study of 80 right eyes of 80 patients that had preoperative biometry with both the Argos and IOLMaster 700 devices, followed by cataract surgery and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Prediction errors (directional and absolute) for each device were determined from the 1 month postoperative manifest refraction.
UNASSIGNED: The directional prediction error was 0.07 ± 0.32 D for the Argos and 0.08 ± 0.34 D for the IOLMaster 700. The mean of the difference in prediction error (directional) was 0.02 D, which was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The absolute prediction error was 0.21 ± 0.25 D for the Argos and 0.25 ± 0.24 D for the IOLMaster 700. The mean of the difference in absolute prediction error was 0.04 D, which was statistically significant (p < 0.004) but not clinically significant. The percentage of eyes with absolute prediction error ≤ 0.5 D was 91% (73 eyes) for the Argos and 88% (70 eyes) for the IOLMaster 700. This difference was not statistically significant.
UNASSIGNED: The prediction accuracies were similar between the Argos and IOLMaster 700 in eyes with normal axial length. There was a significant difference in mean absolute prediction error between devices; however, this was not clinically meaningful.

An ophthalmic swept source-optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) system based on a high-speed scanning laser at 1060 nm with a scanning rate of 100 KHz is constructed. Since the sample arm of the interferometer is comprised of multiple glass materials, the ensuing dispersion severely degrades imaging quality. In this article, second-order dispersion simulation analysis for various materials was performed first, and dispersion equilibrium was implemented utilizing physical compensation methods. After dispersion compensation, an imaging depth in air of 4.013 mm was achieved in model eye experiments, and signal-to-noise ratio was enhanced by 11.6%, with a value of 53.8 dB. In vivo imaging of the human retina was performed to demonstrate structurally distinguishable retinal images, characterized by an axial resolution improvement of 19.8%, with a value of 7.7 μm close to the theoretical value of 7.5 μm. The proposed physical dispersion compensation method enhances imaging performance in SS-OCT systems, enabling visualization of several low scattering mediums.

BACKGROUND: To compare the characteristics of biometric measurements among the LS900, IOL Master, and OPD-SCAN III in patients with mild-to-moderate cataract.
METHODS: We recruited 85 eyes of 78 patients diagnosed with mild-to-moderate cataract at our hospital between January and April 2023. The K (average corneal curvature; K1 and K2), astigmatism (AST), and white to white (WTW) were measured using those three devices, respectively. Differences and correlations between those measures based on the device were explored.
RESULTS: The K1, K2, and AST were highly consistent among the groups (P = 0.851, P = 0.626, P = 0.473, respectively). The WTW measured by IOL Master were larger than those measured by the LS900 and OPD-SCAN III (all P < 0.001). However, all three devices were highly correlated in all measures (P < 0.001). Bland-Altman plots indicated a significant agreement between three devices in all measurements (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: K1, K2, and AST in patients with mild-to-moderate cataract were similar among all three devices, whereas the WTW were not. WTW measurement differences between three devices should be concerned in cataract cases.

UNASSIGNED: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the clinical features of peripapillary regions in patients with myopic macular retinoschisis (MRS) and its association with the development of retinoschisis (RS).
UNASSIGNED: In this cross-sectional study, high-myopic patients with or without MRS were recruited, and the hypodense regions were analyzed in the peripapillary regions. The vitreoretinal adhesions around both macular and paravascular arcades were compared between groups. The risk factors for the development of MRS were analyzed by logistic regression.
UNASSIGNED: Of 88 myopic eyes, MRS was detected in 45 eyes (51%). The eyes with MRS showed a higher rate of peripapillary and paravascular retinoschisis (P < 0.001 and P = 0.006). Hypodense regions were detected in 25 eyes (20.35%). Higher rates of horizontal and vertical macular MRS were detected in the hypodense group (P = 0.012 and P = 0.002). Lower refractive error, longer axial length, and higher rates of outer retinoschisis both in horizontal and vertical macular regions were observed in the hypodense group (P = 0.012, P = 0.006, P = 0.038, and P = 0.034). Higher rates of inner and outer retinoschisis, vitreoschisis, and microfolds along superior vascular arcade were detected in the hypodense group (P = 0.005, P = 0.001, P = 0.014, and P = 0.014). Higher rates of internal limiting membrane (ILM) detachment, inner and outer RS were detected along the inferior vascular arcade in the hypodense group (P = 0.008, P = 0.001, and P = 0.028). Hypodense regions, the axial length and PICC (peripapillary intrachoroidal cavitation) were significantly correlated with the severity of MRS (Odds ratio = 0.207, P = 0.010; Odds ratio = 1.399, P = 0.016; Odds ratio = 0.142, P = 0.010).
UNASSIGNED: The hypodense regions were likely to affect outer retinoschisis both in macular and paravascular regions. It was a risk factor for the development of MRS.