目的:评估国际足球协会(FIFA)冷却休息政策与替代冷却配置在减轻高温模拟足球过程中的热应变方面的有效性。
方法:12名男性(年龄:27±6岁,V♪O2peak:61±7mL/kg/min)在40°C和41%相对湿度(32°C湿球球温度)的情况下完成了五次90分钟的间歇性跑步机足球比赛模拟,具有不同的冷却配置:定期比赛无冷却中断(REG),3分钟不冷却(BRKno-cool),冷却3分钟(BRKcool:当前的FIFA政策;颈部和肩部的冷冻液体摄入和冰巾),5分钟延长了一半时间,没有冷却中断(ExtHTonly)和3分钟冷却中断与5分钟ExtHT(ExtHTcool)。直肠温度(Tre),心率,记录全身出汗率(WBSR)和感知劳累度(RPE)。数据以平均值(95%CIs)表示。
结果:在BRKno冷却(0.20°C(0.01,0.39)中,FinalTre较低,p=0.038),BRKcool(0.39°C(0.21,0.57),p<0.001)和ExtHTcool(0.40°C(0.22,0.58),p<0.001)比REG(39.1℃(38.8,39.3))。ExtHTcool(38.2°C(38.0,38.4))的平均Tre低于BRKcool(38.3°C(38.1,38.5),p=0.018),BRKno-cool和ExtHTonly(38.4°C(38.2,38.6),p<0.001)和REG(38.5°C(38.3,38.7),p<0.001)。BRKcool期间平均心率较低(6次/分钟(4,7),p<0.001)和ExtHTcool(7次/分钟(6,8),p<0.001)与REG相比。WBSR在试验中具有可比性(p≥0.07),RPE在BRKcool期间减弱(0.4(0.1,0.7),p=0.004)和ExtHTcool(0.5(0.2,0.7),p=0.002),与REG相比。
结论:BRKcool和ExtHTcool衰减热,在高温下模拟足球比赛中的心血管和知觉压力。在现场设置或更苛刻的条件下,可能需要其他策略。
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) cooling break policy against alternative cooling configurations in attenuating thermal strain during simulated football in the heat.
METHODS: 12 males (age: 27±6 years, V̇O2peak: 61±7 mL/kg/min) completed five 90 min intermittent treadmill football match simulations in 40°C and 41% relative humidity (32°C wet-bulb globe temperature) with different cooling configurations: regular match without cooling breaks (REG), 3 min breaks without cooling (BRKno-cool), 3 min breaks with cooling (BRKcool: current FIFA policy; chilled fluid ingestion and ice towel across neck and shoulders), 5 min extended half-time without cooling breaks (ExtHTonly) and 3 min cooling breaks with 5 min ExtHT (ExtHTcool). Rectal temperature (Tre), heart rate, whole-body sweat rate (WBSR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded. Data are presented as mean (95% CIs).
RESULTS: Final Tre was lower in BRKno-cool (0.20°C (0.01, 0.39), p=0.038), BRKcool (0.39°C (0.21, 0.57), p<0.001) and ExtHTcool (0.40°C (0.22, 0.58), p<0.001) than REG (39.1°C (38.8, 39.3)). Mean Tre was lower in ExtHTcool (38.2°C (38.0, 38.4)) than BRKcool (38.3°C (38.1, 38.5), p=0.018), BRKno-cool and ExtHTonly (38.4°C (38.2, 38.6), p<0.001) and REG (38.5°C (38.3, 38.7), p<0.001). Mean heart rate was lower during BRKcool (6 beats/min (4, 7), p<0.001) and ExtHTcool (7 beats/min (6, 8), p<0.001) compared with REG. WBSR was comparable across trials (p≥0.07) and RPE was attenuated during BRKcool (0.4 (0.1, 0.7), p=0.004) and ExtHTcool (0.5 (0.2, 0.7), p=0.002), compared with REG.
CONCLUSIONS: BRKcool and ExtHTcool attenuated thermal, cardiovascular and perceptual strain during a simulated football match in the heat. Additional strategies may be required in field settings or under harsher conditions.