背景:这项横断面研究旨在确定与年龄相关的咀嚼能力(MP)和口服运动障碍(ODK)变化相关的因素,并提供健康老年人口腔虚弱诊断的正常值。
方法:将385名参与者分为三个年龄组(Gr1-3):20-64岁,65-74岁,≥75岁。为了研究舌唇运动功能,ODK被评估为单音节/pa/ta/ka/的重复数。使用四份问卷评估主观咀嚼能力,认知能力,和心理状态。MP,咬合力,和咬合区进行了测试,以评估动态客观咀嚼功能,并确定剩余牙齿的数量和功能性牙齿对,以评估静态客观咀嚼功能。手握强度(HG),口腔干燥,和舌压(TP)进行评估以确定影响因素。组间差异通过方差分析和Kruskal-Wallis检验进行评估,并评估了ODK与口面因素之间的相关性。
结果:这项研究揭示了TP与年龄相关的显着下降,HG,和ODK,尤其是65岁以后。影响MP的因素是后牙,艾希纳指数,咬合力,遮挡区域,韩国简易精神状态考试(KMMSE)成绩,ODK。每个ODK音节都与不同的因素相关,但与ODK相关的常见因素是MP,HG,和PHQ-9得分。对于音节/pa/ta/,艾希纳指数,TP,和口腔干燥也相关。对于Gr3,MP中的音节/ka/,TP,HG,口腔干燥,和KMMSE评分相关。
结论:这些结果可以为老年人口腔康复提供实用的指导,并有助于提高对口腔功能的年龄相关变化和咀嚼动力学的多维性质的理解。
BACKGROUND: This cross-sectional study aimed to identify factors associated with age-related changes in masticatory performance (MP) and oral diadochokinesis (ODK) and to provide normal values in healthy old adults for the diagnosis of oral frailty.
METHODS: A total of 385 participants were divided into three age groups (Gr1-3): 20-64 years, 65-74 years, and ≥ 75 years. To investigate tongue-lip motor function, ODK was assessed as the number of repetitions of the monosyllables /pa/ta/ka/. Four questionnaires were used to assess subjective masticatory ability, cognitive ability, and psychological status. MP, bite force, and occlusal area were tested to assess dynamic objective masticatory function, and the number of remaining teeth and functional tooth pairs were determined to assess static objective masticatory function. Handgrip strength (HG), oral dryness, and tongue pressure (TP) were assessed to identify influencing factors. Intergroup differences were evaluated by ANOVA and the Kruskal‒Wallis test, and correlations between ODK and orofacial factors were evaluated.
RESULTS: This study revealed significant age-related declines in TP, HG, and ODK, especially after 65 years of age. Factors affecting MP were posterior teeth, the Eichner index, bite force, occluding area, the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (KMMSE) score, and ODK. Each ODK syllable was associated with different factors, but common factors associated with ODK were MP, HG, and PHQ-9 score. For the syllables /pa/ta/, the Eichner Index, TP, and oral dryness were also associated. For the syllable /ka/ in Gr3, MP, TP, HG, oral dryness, and the KMMSE score were associated.
CONCLUSIONS: These results could provide practical guidelines for oral rehabilitation in old adults and contribute to improving the understanding of age-related changes in oral function and the multidimensional nature of masticatory dynamics.