目的:本研究的目的是评估经过不同预处理的不同计算机辅助设计/计算机辅助制造(CAD/CAM)混合陶瓷材料的粘结强度。
方法:共制造了306个CAD/CAM混合材料试样,每种材料的n=102(通过3D打印的VarseoSmileCrownplus[VSCP];通过铣削的VitaEnamic[VE]和Grandio块[GB])。每种材料被随机分为六组关于不同的预处理策略:对照,硅烷,喷砂(50μm氧化铝颗粒),喷砂+硅烷,蚀刻(9%氢氟酸),蚀刻+硅烷。随后,表面粗糙度(Ra)值,测量表面自由能(SFE)。每个样品用双重固化的粘合剂复合材料粘合。一半的样品进行了热循环(5000次循环,5-55°C)。进行剪切粘结强度(SBS)测试。数据采用双向方差分析,独立t检验,和Mann-Whitney-U检验(α=0.05)。
结果:材料类型(p=0.001),预处理策略(p<0.001),交互作用(p<0.001)对Ra值均有显著影响。然而,仅在VSCP和VE表面上进行蚀刻显着增加了SFE值。关于SBS值,三种材料之间没有发现显着差异(p=0.937),而预处理策略对SBS有显著影响(p<0.05)。对VSCP标本的蚀刻显示所有组的平均值最低,而喷砂和硅烷导致所有测试材料的SBS较高。
结论:用于铣削和3D打印的CAD/CAM混合陶瓷材料的粘结强度相当。喷砂和硅烷偶联适用于可磨和可印刷材料,而对于CAD/CAM混合陶瓷材料,不建议使用氢氟酸刻蚀。
结论:由于可3D打印和可铣削CAD/CAM牙科混合材料之间的可比证据很少,本研究为不同材料的预处理计划提供了明确的指导。
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the bond strength of different computer-aided design / computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) hybrid ceramic materials following different pretreatments.
METHODS: A total of 306 CAD/CAM hybrid material specimens were manufactured, n = 102 for each material (VarseoSmile Crownplus [VSCP] by 3D-printing; Vita Enamic [VE] and Grandio Blocs [GB] by milling). Each material was randomly divided into six groups regarding different pretreatment strategies: control, silane, sandblasting (50 μm aluminum oxide particles), sandblasting + silane, etching (9% hydrofluorics acid), etching + silane. Subsequently, surface roughness (Ra) values, surface free energy (SFE) were measured. Each specimen was bonded with a dual-cured adhesive composite. Half of the specimens were subjected to thermocycling (5000 cycles, 5-55 °C). The shear bond strength (SBS) test was performed. Data were analyzed by using a two-way analysis of variance, independent t-test, and Mann-Whitney-U-test (α = 0.05).
RESULTS: Material type (p = 0.001), pretreatment strategy (p < 0.001), and the interaction (p < 0.001) all had significant effects on Ra value. However, only etching on VSCP and VE surface increased SFE value significantly. Regarding SBS value, no significant difference was found among the three materials (p = 0.937), while the pretreatment strategy significantly influenced SBS (p < 0.05). Etching on VSCP specimens showed the lowest mean value among all groups, while sandblasting and silane result in higher SBS for all test materials.
CONCLUSIONS: The bond strength of CAD/CAM hybrid ceramic materials for milling and 3D-printing was comparable. Sandblasting and silane coupling were suitable for both millable and printable materials, while hydrofluoric etching should not be recommended for CAD/CAM hybrid ceramic materials.
CONCLUSIONS: Since comparable evidence between 3D-printable and millable CAD/CAM dental hybrid materials is scarce, the present study gives clear guidance for pretreatment planning on different materials.