summative content analysis

总结性内容分析
  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    简介:性快感是一项人权,也是人类性行为的核心方面,对人们的整体福祉有重要贡献。使其成为临床环境中需要考虑的基本要素。这项研究旨在通过研究LGB+人(女同性恋,同性恋,双性恋,和其他少数族裔的性取向)-认为有性问题的人定义了孤独和伴侣的性快感。方法:在线进行横断面探索性定性研究。目前的研究包括85名自我识别为LGB+并报告经历性问题的人。使用总结性内容分析进行数据分析。结果:孤独性快感的结果包括5个类别的创建(增强与自己的关系,孤独快乐的规范,消极的经验,无拘无束的经验和目标)。为了伴侣性快感,创建了9个类别(与另一个类别在一起的特权,开放体验,性技术的结果,心理生理经验,关于性快感的误解,没有内部约束,不想要的感觉,明确同意,和缺乏人际约束)。讨论:尽管报告了性问题,大多数参与者报告说经历过性快感,并且能够定义它。这项研究提供了对经历性问题的LGB人群的性观点和经验的更深入理解。我们的发现强调了当前的诊断标准(例如,DSM-5)似乎与该样本人群报告的问题不符(所提出的问题超出了其性功能)。这加强了从超越分类精神病理学模型的角度看待性问题的重要性。我们的研究结果可能为性问题的评估和治疗提供有价值的见解,性快感被认为是性快感的一个重要方面。
    Introduction: Sexual pleasure is a human right and a central aspect of human sexuality that contributes significantly to people\'s overall well-being, making it an essential element to consider in clinical settings. This study aims to expand the understanding of sexual pleasure by examining how LGB+ people (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and other minority sexual orientations)-who perceived having a sexual problem-define solitary and partnered sexual pleasure. Methods: A cross-sectional exploratory qualitative study was conducted online. The current study included 85 people who self-identified as LGB+ and reported experiencing a sexual problem. Data analysis was performed using summative content analysis. Results: The results for solitary sexual pleasure comprised the creation of 5 categories (Enhancing the relationship with oneself, Specification of solitary pleasure, Negative experience, Unrestrained experience and A goal). For partnered sexual pleasure, 9 categories were created (The perks of being with another, Openness to experience, A result of sexual techniques, Psychophysiological experience, Misconceptions about sexual pleasure, Absence of intrapersonal constraints, Undesirable feelings, Explicit consent, and Absence of interpersonal constraints). Discussion: Despite reporting sexual problems, most participants reported having experienced sexual pleasure, and were able to define it. This study provided a deeper understanding of the perspectives on and experiences of sexuality among LGB+ people who experience sexual problems. Our findings highlight that current diagnostic criteria (e.g., DSM-5) do not seem to align with the problems reported by this sample population (the problems presented are beyond their sexual function). This reinforces the importance of viewing sexual problems from a perspective that goes beyond the categorial psychopathology model. Our study\'s findings may offer valuable insights for the evaluation and treatment of sexual problems, where sexual pleasure is considered a crucial aspect of sexual well-being.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    未经批准:手指食物,没有餐具可以吃的食物,可能是一种策略,以增加自主性和食物摄入量的老年人之间的运动饮食困难。为了开发最佳的手指食物,需要了解目标人群的感官偏好和要求。
    UNASSIGNED:评估有运动型饮食困难的瑞典老年人的感官偏好和要求。
    UNASSIGNED:Check-all-that-apply(CATA),一种不需要太多的认知努力的方法,用于收集15名患有运动型饮食困难的老年人对日常饮食的感官偏好和要求的调查数据。CATA问卷是根据瑞典膳食顺序(早餐,午餐,晚餐,零食和fika),包括通过文献综述汇编的29个属性。
    UNASSIGNED:通过定性和定量数据分析,发现美味,风味强度,辛辣和瑞典和民族风味是与食物风味相关的重要属性。尽管大多数参与者更喜欢酥脆和粗糙的质地,一些参与者发现柔软,光滑和精细的纹理很重要。此外,五颜六色的饭菜和盘子上分开的服务成分对于午餐和晚餐的外观很重要。
    未经批准:各种口味,风味增强以及基本口味和辣味之间的平衡可能会增加风味感知。手指食品应提供给一般老年人群的各种口味。质地需求的变化可能与咀嚼和吞咽困难有关,需要适度咀嚼和容易吞咽的质地,因此,手指食物的最佳选择。在板上分离膳食组分可以使得更容易区分组分。
    未经评估:化学感觉障碍,咀嚼和吞咽困难,和视觉障碍是重要的考虑在手指食物的发展。
    UNASSIGNED: Finger foods, foods that can be eaten without cutlery, may be a strategy to increase autonomy and food intake amongst older adults with motoric eating difficulties. In order to develop optimal finger foods, knowledge about sensory preferences and requirements in the target population is needed.
    UNASSIGNED: To assess sensory preferences and requirements amongst Swedish older adults with motoric eating difficulties.
    UNASSIGNED: Check-all-that-apply (CATA), a methodology that does not require much cognitive effort, was used to collect survey data about sensory preferences and requirements for everyday meals from 15 older adults with motoric eating difficulties. The CATA-questionnaire was structured according to the Swedish meal order (breakfast, lunch, dinner, snack and fika) and consisted of 29 attributes compiled through a literature review.
    UNASSIGNED: Through both qualitative and quantitative data analysis, it was found that flavourful, flavour intensity, spicy and both Swedish and ethnic flavours were important attributes related to food flavour. Although most participants preferred crispy and coarse textures, a few participants found soft, smooth and fine textures important. Moreover, colourful meals and serving components separated on the plate were important for the appearance of lunch and dinner.
    UNASSIGNED: A diverse range of flavours, flavour enhancement and a balance between the basic tastes and spiciness may increase the flavour perception. Finger foods should be offered in the full range of flavours available to the general older adults\' population. The variation in the demand for texture may be related to chewing and swallowing difficulties, and textures that require moderate chewing and easy swallowing are, therefore, optimal for finger foods. Separating meal components on the plate may make it easier to distinguish the components.
    UNASSIGNED: Chemosensory impairments, chewing and swallowing difficulties, and visual disturbances are important to consider in the development of finger foods.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    在英国最初的封锁期间,公众对COVID-19相关政府指导的遵守情况各不相同,但是公众遵守这种指导的决定因素尚不清楚。我们从具有代表性的英国样本中捕获了对遵守英国政府指导的自发思考,并使用TDF确定COVID相关行为的关键决定因素。
    设计是横截面的。
    定性数据是通过在线问卷从大量英国成年人(N=2,252)中收集的,作为关于英国公众对政府COVID-19相关指南的回应的更广泛调查的一部分。摘要内容分析用于确定数据中的关键指南术语,然后进行潜在分析,以使用TDF作为分析框架来解释术语背后的潜在含义。
    在数据中确定了六个TDF域:环境背景和资源;对后果的信念;社会影响;记忆,注意力和决策过程;情绪和知识。尽管样品有动力并且能够粘附,在他们的环境中的限制,资源,社会支持机制限制了行为。自我报告的依从性对措施有效性的积极和消极信念很敏感,除了对指南中的术语“必要”和“必要”的解释之外。
    尽管坚持存在广泛的结构性障碍,大多数英国公众能够遵循政府与COVID-19相关的指示,只要他们有足够的资源,社会支持,以及对措施有效性的积极看法。指南中围绕关键术语的歧义留下了解释的空间,这可能导致不遵守。
    Public adherence to COVID-19-related government guidance varied during the initial lockdown in the UK, but the determinants of public adherence to such guidance are unclear. We capture spontaneous reflections on adherence to UK government guidance from a representative UK sample, and use the TDF to identify key determinants of COVID-related behaviours.
    The design was cross-sectional.
    Qualitative data were collected from a large sample of UK adults (N = 2,252) via an online questionnaire as part of a wider survey about the UK public\'s responses to the government\'s COVID-19-related guidance. Summative content analysis was used to identify key guideline terms in the data, followed by latent analysis to interpret the underlying meanings behind the terms using the TDF as an analytical framework.
    Six TDF domains were identified in the data: Environmental Context and Resources; Beliefs about Consequences; Social Influences; Memory, Attention and Decision Processes; Emotion; and Knowledge. Although the samples were motivated and capable of adhering, limitations in their environments, resources, and social support mechanisms restricted behaviour. Self-reported adherence was sensitive to positive and negative beliefs about the effectiveness of the measures, in addition to interpretations of the terms \'essential\' and \'necessary\' in the guidance.
    Despite extensive structural obstacles to adherence, the majority of the British public were able to follow government COVID-19-related instructions, provided they had sufficient resources, social support, and positive perceptions about the effectiveness of the measures. Ambiguities surrounding key terminology in the guidance left room for interpretation, which may have contributed to non-adherence.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    OBJECTIVE: To describe what nurses do during episodes of suspected infection in elderly nursing home residents and if these actions are linked to who is initiating an episode and whether the episode is considered an infection or not.
    METHODS: Prospective descriptive study. Data were collected in 2008-2010.
    METHODS: Summarized and categorized documentation by nursing assistants and nurses was used for summative content analysis.
    RESULTS: Nurses\' actions seem to be related to who initiated the episode and if the episodes are categorized as \'non-infection\', \'possible infection\' or \'infection\'. Actions could be \'observation\', \'screenings\', \'engaged in waiting\', \'follow-ups\', \'nurse-prescribed actions\', \'diagnosing\', \'contacting the physician\', \'carrying out an action prescribed by the physician\', \'contacting an ambulance or arranging an emergency visit to the hospital\' and \'prescribing screening\'. As NAs often initiate episodes of suspected infection by observing changed conditions, it seems important to include the NA in the decision-making process as these observations could detect possible early signs and symptoms of infections.
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  • 文章类型: Comparative Study
    BACKGROUND: Content analysis of replies to closed questions in questionnaires can be undertaken to understand remarks that may explain the responses, provide illustrative examples of issues raised in the questionnaire, define new issues or issues of importance that were not covered in the questionnaire and inform the design of new questions in future surveys.
    OBJECTIVE: To discuss the usefulness of summative content analysis to free text in postal questionnaires.
    CONCLUSIONS: Content analysis provides useful comparative insights between two respondent groups in the case example provided. Five themes emerged: poor understanding of the concept of \'patient lateral transfer work technique\' and the direct instrument nursing observation (DINO) instrument\'s key directions; outcomes of patient transfer; positive responses; manual handling risk; and poor translation into English of DINO.
    CONCLUSIONS: Respondents need an opportunity to clarify their responses to questionnaires using free text, to provide insight into their understanding of the question being asked, understanding of the concept or construct being discussed, and data triangulation through the confirmation of item responses and free-text comments.
    CONCLUSIONS: Responses to questions in a postal questionnaire and the opportunity for free-text commentary by respondents enable the identification of hidden meanings behind tickbox responses to questions.
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