■研究哺乳动物的反捕食行为是一个重要的挑战,特别是对于藏在洞穴里的小型哺乳动物。在北极,考虑到每年夏天捕食的风险都很高,这种行为对旅鼠的生存至关重要。因为仍然缺乏有关旅鼠如何将洞穴用作藏身处的详细信息,我们开发了一个1.59克光敏项圈,以记录小哺乳动物在黑暗区域之间移动的任何事件(例如,洞穴)和明亮的区域(例如,在洞穴外)。在剑桥湾的囚禁中进行了项圈如何影响旅鼠行为的测试,努纳武特,加拿大,2019年11月,在拜尔岛进行了现场测试,努纳武特,加拿大,2021年8月。
■该设备由两个化学电池和配备有光电传感器和实时时钟的印刷电路板(PCB)制成,该实时时钟连续记录光(勒克斯)的振幅瞬态阈值。根据对此类设备的道德使用,我们证实,在圈养或自由放养旅鼠中没有观察到异常的体重损失,没有领子和没有领子的人的再捕获率没有差异,尽管我们无法在超过108小时的时间内进行测试。光强度的测量显示出一致的模式,在中午时具有高勒克斯水平,在夜间最低。Lemmings显示出明确定义的行为模式,在洞穴内外交替。尽管夏天中间有24小时的日光,8月夜间(即,11PM至4AM)勒克斯水平不足以达到振幅瞬态阈值。
■利用北极长时间的日光,这种技术非常有前途,因为它为被动记录行为参数奠定了新的基础,并建立在电池和PCB进一步小型化的前景之上。
UNASSIGNED: Studying the anti-predatory behavior of mammals represents an important challenge, especially for fossorial small mammals that hide in burrows. In the Arctic, such behaviors are critical to the survival of lemmings considering that predation risks are high every summer. Because detailed information about how lemmings use burrows as hideouts is still lacking, we developed a 1.59 g photosensitive collar to record any event of a small mammal moving between a dark area (e.g., burrow) and a bright area (e.g., outside the burrow). Tests of how collars affected lemming behavior were conducted in captivity in Cambridge Bay, Nunavut, Canada, in November 2019 and field tests were conducted on Bylot Island, Nunavut, Canada, in August 2021.
UNASSIGNED: The device was made of two chemical batteries and a printed circuit board (PCB) equipped with a photosensor and a real-time clock that recorded amplitude transient thresholds of light (lux) continuously. In accordance with ethical use of such devices, we verified that no abnormal loss of body mass was observed in captive or free-ranging lemmings, and no difference in recapture rates were observed between those with and without a collar, though we could not test this for periods longer than 108 h. Measurements of light intensities revealed consistent patterns with high lux levels at mid-day and lowest during the night. Lemmings showed clearly defined behavioral patterns alternating between periods outside and inside burrows. Despite 24-h daylight in the middle of the summer, August nighttime (i.e., 11 PM to 4 AM) lux levels were insufficient for amplitude transient thresholds to be reached.
UNASSIGNED: By taking advantage of the long periods of daylight in the Arctic, such technology is very promising as it sets new bases for passive recording of behavioral parameters and builds on the prospect of further miniaturization of batteries and PCBs.