人们不断对他人的信仰和偏好做出推论。人们可以利用各种信息来源来做出这些推论,包括刻板印象,自我认识,和特定于目标的知识。是什么导致人们使用这些信息来源而不是其他人?当前的研究调查了影响这些信息来源使用的因素,关注三个人际维度-人们感觉(A)熟悉的程度,(b)类似,或(c)像目标。在四项研究中(总N=1136),参与者推断了其他人的信仰和偏好--名人(研究1a-1b),构建虚构目标(研究2),和实际熟人(研究3)。参与者还对熟悉程度进行了评分,类似于,喜欢目标。分析通过将推论与这些来源提供的信息进行比较来评估每种信息来源的使用。熟悉程度与更多使用特定于目标的知识有关,而相似性和喜好与自我知识有关。低相似性和高好感与刻板印象的使用增加有关。我们讨论了这些发现的含义及其对独特案例的适用性,包括关于名人的推论,公众人物,和积极刻板的群体,在这种熟悉中,相似性,和喜欢不完全对齐。
People constantly make inferences about others\' beliefs and preferences. People can draw on various sources of information to make these inferences, including
stereotypes, self-knowledge, and target-specific knowledge. What leads people to use each of these sources of information over others? The current study examined factors that influence the use of these sources of information, focusing on three interpersonal dimensions - the extent to which people feel (a) familiar with, (b) similar to, or (c) like the target. In four studies (total N = 1136), participants inferred the beliefs and preferences of others - celebrities (Studies 1a-1b), constructed fictional targets (Study 2), and actual acquaintances (Study 3). Participants also rated familiarity with, similarity to, and liking of the target. Analyses assessed the use of each source of information by comparing inferences with information provided by those sources. Familiarity was associated with greater use of target-specific knowledge, while similarity and liking were associated with self-knowledge. Low similarity and high liking were associated with increased use of
stereotypes. We discuss the implication of these findings and their applicability to unique cases, including inferences about celebrities, public figures, and positively stereotyped groups, in which familiarity, similarity, and liking do not perfectly align.