二十二碳六烯酸(DHA),一种必需的omega-3脂肪酸,提供显著的健康益处,但面临挑战,如独特的气味,氧化敏感性,和有限的肠道通透性,阻碍了其广泛应用。微囊化,广泛使用,通过促进控释增强DHA性能,消化,和在胃肠道的吸收。尽管对DHA微胶囊和相关递送系统进行了广泛的研究,了解封装的DHA释放的管理机制,消化,和吸收,特别是关于墙体材料和DHA来源的影响,仍然有限。这篇综述首先概述了当前常用于DHA微囊化的技术。然后,它继续概述版本中的最新进展,DHA微胶囊的消化和吸收,强调墙体材料和DHA来源的作用。重要的是,它提出了克服挑战和利用机会来提高DHA微胶囊的生物利用度的策略。值得注意的是,喷雾干燥占主导地位的DHA微胶囊(超过90%的使用率),而复杂的凝聚显示了未来应用的希望。作为壁材料的蛋白质和碳水化合物或磷脂的组合显示出控制DHA微胶囊的释放和消化的潜力。DHA的来源,特别是藻类油,游离脂肪酸(FFA)的脂质消化率和吸收率高于鱼油。DHA微胶囊开发的未来进展包括配方重新设计(例如,使用植物蛋白作为墙体材料,藻类油作为DHA来源),技术优化(如共微囊化和预消化),并创建用于评估DHA消化和吸收动力学的先进体外系统。
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an essential omega-3 fatty acid, offers significant health benefits but faces challenges such as distinct odor, oxidation susceptibility, and limited intestinal permeability, hindering its broad application. Microencapsulation, widely employed, enhances DHA performance by facilitating controlled release, digestion, and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. Despite extensive studies on DHA microcapsules and related delivery systems, understanding the mechanisms governing encapsulated DHA release, digestion, and absorption, particularly regarding the influence of wall materials and DHA sources, remains limited. This review starts with an overview of current techniques commonly applied for DHA microencapsulation. It then proceeds to outline up-to-date advances in the release, digestion and absorption of DHA microcapsules, highlighting the roles of wall materials and DHA sources. Importantly, it proposes strategies for overcoming challenges and exploiting opportunities to enhance the bioavailability of DHA microcapsules. Notably, spray drying dominates DHA microencapsulation (over 90 % usage), while complex coacervation shows promise for future applications. The combination of proteins and carbohydrates or phospholipids as wall material exhibits potential in controlling release and digestion of DHA microcapsules. The source of DHA, particularly algal oil, demonstrates higher lipid digestibility and absorptivity of free fatty acids (FFAs) than fish oil. Future advancements in DHA microcapsule development include formulation redesign (e.g., using plant proteins as wall material and algal oil as DHA source), technique optimization (such as co-microencapsulation and pre-digestion), and creation of advanced in vitro systems for assessing DHA digestion and absorption kinetics.