■跖骨应力性骨折在从事重复性负重活动的人群中很常见,尤其是运动员和新兵。在这些情况下确定风险因素对于有效预防至关重要。
■在WebofScience上进行系统搜索,PubMed,EBSCO,SPORTDiscus,MEDLINE,并进行了Cochrane图书馆,检索的日期范围定为1984年1月至2024年4月。
■从1,728项相关研究中选择了32项符合条件的研究。解剖学和生物力学因素,比如更高的足弓,脚的异常内翻/外翻,和较长的跖骨长度或较大的角度,相对影响应力骨折风险。然而,鉴于没有标准化的测量,结果还有待检查。足球与第五跖骨骨折有关,而长跑和新兵训练往往会导致第二或第三跖骨骨折。高运动强度,非适应性训练,设备不足会增加断裂风险。
■这篇综述强调了解剖学,生物力学,和运动相关因素在跖骨应力性骨折风险中的作用。相对而言,高拱门,特定的meta骨形态,脚内翻/外翻模式是重要的风险因素,尤其是运动员。运动类型也与跖骨应力性骨折部位相关。尽管进行了广泛的研究,研究异质性和固有偏见需要谨慎解释。全面,多因素方法和个性化的伤害预防策略对于减少这些伤害的发生率和改善运动员的健康和表现至关重要。
UNASSIGNED: Metatarsal stress fracture is common in people engaged in repetitive weight-bearing activities, especially athletes and recruits. Identifying risk factors in these contexts is crucial for effective prevention.
UNASSIGNED: A systematic search on Web of Science, PubMed, EBSCO, SPORTDiscus, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library was conducted and the date range for the retrieval was set from January 1984 to April 2024.
UNASSIGNED: 32 eligible studies were selected from 1,728 related research. Anatomical and biomechanical factors, such as higher foot arch, abnormal inversion/eversion of foot, and longer metatarsal length or larger angles, relatively influence stress fracture risk. However, given that there is no standardized measurement, the results remain to be examined. Soccer is associated with fifth metatarsal fractures, while long-distance running and recruit training often lead to fractures of the second or third metatarsals. High exercise intensity, non-adaptive training, and inadequate equipment heighten fracture risk.
UNASSIGNED: This review highlights the complex interplay of anatomical, biomechanical, and sports-related factors in the risk of metatarsal stress fractures. Relatively, high arches, specific metatarsal morphologies, and foot inversion/eversion patterns are significant risk factors, particularly among athletes. Sports type also correlates with metatarsal stress fracture locations. Despite extensive research, study heterogeneity and inherent biases necessitate cautious interpretation. Comprehensive, multifactorial approaches and personalized injury prevention strategies are essential for reducing the incidence of these injuries and improving the health and performance of athletes.