4到7个月大的婴儿开始从流利的言语中分割单词形式,这是词汇处理中的一项关键任务。先前的工作已经确定,婴儿依赖于语音信号中可用的各种线索(即,韵律,统计,声学分段,和词法)来完成这个任务。在两个学习法语的6个月和10个月大孩子的实验中,我们使用心理声学方法来检查听觉系统从语音中提取的两个基本声学成分是否以及如何退化,即,时间(频率和幅度调制)和频谱信息,影响分词形式。婴儿熟悉包含目标单词的段落,其中使用声码器将频率调制(FM)信息替换为纯音,而幅度调制(AM)保留在8或16个光谱带中。然后测试婴儿对目标词与新颖对照词的识别。虽然6个月大的孩子无法在这两种情况下进行细分,10个月大的孩子成功了,虽然只在16个光谱带条件下。这些发现表明,6个月的孩子需要FM时间线索来进行语音分割,而10个月的孩子则不需要,尽管它们需要AM提示在足够的光谱带中呈现(即,16).在婴儿中观察到的这种发育变化对光谱时间线索的敏感性可能是由于可用分割程序范围的增加所致。和/或在两个年龄之间的词汇处理中从元音偏移到辅音偏移,因为元音受到我们声学操作的影响更大。研究重点:尽管将语音分段为单词形式对于词汇习得至关重要,婴儿听觉系统提取来处理连续语音的声学信息仍然未知。我们使用语音编码语音检查了婴儿对语音分割中的语谱时间线索的敏感性,并揭示了6到10个月大之间的发育变化。我们展示了调频信息,也就是说,语音的快速时间调制,对于6个月但不是10个月大的婴儿来说,分割单词形式是必要的。此外,减少光谱带的数量会影响10个月大的分割能力,当16个乐队被保留时,谁会成功,但8个波段失败。
Infants begin to segment word forms from fluent speech-a crucial task in lexical processing-between 4 and 7 months of age. Prior work has established that infants rely on a variety of cues available in the speech signal (i.e., prosodic, statistical, acoustic-segmental, and lexical) to accomplish this task. In two experiments with French-learning 6- and 10-month-olds, we use a psychoacoustic approach to examine if and how degradation of the two fundamental acoustic components extracted from speech by the auditory system, namely, temporal (both frequency and amplitude modulation) and spectral information, impact word form segmentation. Infants were familiarized with passages containing target words, in which frequency modulation (FM) information was replaced with pure tones using a vocoder, while amplitude modulation (AM) was preserved in either 8 or 16 spectral bands. Infants were then tested on their recognition of the target versus novel control words. While the 6-month-olds were unable to segment in either condition, the 10-month-olds succeeded, although only in the 16 spectral band condition. These findings suggest that 6-month-olds need FM temporal cues for speech segmentation while 10-month-olds do not, although they need the AM cues to be presented in enough spectral bands (i.e., 16). This developmental change observed in infants\' sensitivity to spectrotemporal cues likely results from an increase in the range of available segmentation procedures, and/or shift from a vowel to a consonant bias in lexical processing between the two ages, as vowels are more affected by our acoustic manipulations. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Although segmenting speech into word forms is crucial for lexical acquisition, the acoustic information that infants\' auditory system extracts to process continuous speech remains unknown. We examined infants\' sensitivity to spectrotemporal cues in speech segmentation using vocoded speech, and revealed a developmental change between 6 and 10 months of age. We showed that FM information, that is, the fast temporal modulations of speech, is necessary for 6- but not 10-month-old infants to segment word forms. Moreover, reducing the number of spectral bands impacts 10-month-olds\' segmentation abilities, who succeed when 16 bands are preserved, but fail with 8 bands.