机械力通过多种机制影响牙周健康。通常,机械力可以促进软组织和硬组织的新陈代谢。然而,过度的力量可能会损害牙周组织或导致不可逆的炎症,而没有闭塞力也会导致组织萎缩和骨吸收。我们系统地搜索了PubMed和WebofScience数据库,发现了某些机械力对免疫防御机制,细胞外基质(ECM)代谢,特定的蛋白质,骨代谢,特征性牙周膜干细胞(PDLSCs)和非编码RNA(ncRNAs),因为这些因素有助于牙周稳态。免疫防御功能在力量下发生变化;基因,信号通路和蛋白酶在调节ECM代谢的力作用下发生改变;由于其在机械转导和组织代谢中的重要功能,因此分别讨论了几种特定的蛋白质。骨细胞的功能,成骨细胞,和破骨细胞被激活以维持骨稳态。此外,ncRNAs有可能影响基因表达,改变组织代谢。本文综述了机械力对牙周稳态的所有这些机制。找出根本原因,本综述为力对牙周健康的作用机制提供了新的视角,并为牙周稳态的一些新的研究方向提供了指导。
Mechanical forces affect periodontal health through multiple mechanisms. Normally, mechanical forces can boost soft and hard tissue metabolism. However, excessive forces may damage the periodontium or result in irreversible inflammation, whereas absence of occlusion forces also leads to tissue atrophy and bone resorption. We systemically searched the PubMed and Web of Science databases and found certain mechanisms of mechanical forces on immune defence, extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism, specific proteins, bone metabolism, characteristic periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) as these factors contribute to periodontal homeostasis. The immune defence functions change under forces; genes, signalling pathways and proteinases are altered under forces to regulate ECM metabolism; several specific proteins are separately discussed due to their important functions in mechanotransduction and tissue metabolism. Functions of osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts are activated to maintain bone homeostasis. Additionally, ncRNAs have the potential to influence gene expression and thereby, modify tissue metabolism. This review summarizes all these mechanisms of mechanical forces on periodontal homeostasis. Identifying the underlying causes, this review provides a new perspective of the mechanisms of force on periodontal health and guides for some new research directions of periodontal homeostasis.