军事人员需要身体素质,才能在其特定的作战领域内有效地开展作战军事活动。这项研究调查了为期34周的培训计划对安哥拉学员身体成分的影响,肌肉力量,和心肺健康。74名志愿者招募,18至26岁,在他们八个月的服兵役期间受到监控,遵循一项运动计划方案,包括12周的力量训练,然后是24周的耐力训练。人体测量变量,包括体重,身体质量指数,和脂肪,被评估,随着心肺健康(VO2max),sprint性能,反运动跳跃(CMJ),药球投掷,俯卧撑,和蜷缩。体能训练协议包括跑步课程,力量练习,敏捷性训练,和灵活性练习。初步评估显示了各种参数的性别差异,例如体重,身体脂肪百分比,VO2max,冲刺,反运动跳跃(CMJ),药球投掷,和俯卧撑。按照培训计划,观察到参与者的所有变量的变化(效应大小在0.48和2.33之间,p<0.01).在体重中发现了显着的相互作用(性别×时间)(F=5.18,p=0.03,ηp2=0.06),体脂百分比(F=5.31,p<0.01,ηp2=0.14),和药球投掷(F=10.84,p<0.01,ηp2=0.13)。具体来说,男性表现出更大的体重下降(女性:2.70%,男性:3.47%,p<0.05)和投掷球性能的显着改善(女性:7.74%,男性:11.47%,p<0.01),而女性的脂肪减少幅度更大(女性:5.34%,男性:3.15%,p<0.01)。体育锻炼方案有效地影响了身体成分,特别是在提高男性的力量表现。锻炼计划与兵役的整合导致脂肪组织显着减少,瘦肉组织增加。因此,制定量身定制的培训方案对于提高新兵的身体能力和整体健康至关重要,考虑特定性别的特征和身体属性。
Military personnel need physical fitness to effectively carry out operational military activities within their specific field of operation. This research investigates the effects of a 34-week training program on Angolan cadets\' body composition, muscle strength, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Seventy-four volunteer recruits, aged 18 to 26 years, were monitored during their eight-month military service, following an exercise program protocol comprising 12 weeks of strength training followed by 24 weeks of endurance training. Anthropometric variables, including body mass, body mass index, and fat mass, were assessed, along with cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), sprint performance, countermovement jump (CMJ), medicine ball throw, push-ups, and curl-ups. The physical training protocol encompassed running sessions, strength exercises, agility drills, and flexibility exercises. The initial assessment revealed gender differences in various parameters such as body mass, body fat percentage, VO2max, sprinting, countermovement jump (CMJ), medicine ball throw, and push-ups. Following the training program, changes were observed in all variables (effect size between 0.48 and 2.33, p < 0.01) for the participants. Significant interactions (sex × time) were found in body mass (F = 5.18, p = 0.03, ηp2 = 0.06), body fat percentage (F = 5.31, p < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.14), and medicine ball throw (F = 10.84, p < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.13). Specifically, males exhibited a greater reduction in body mass (females: 2.70%, males: 3.47%, p < 0.05) and a substantial improvement in ball throwing performance (females: 7.74%, males: 11.47%, p < 0.01), while females experienced a greater reduction in fat mass (females: 5.34%, males: 3.15%, p < 0.01). The physical training regimen effectively influenced body composition, particularly in enhancing strength performance among males. The integration of exercise programs with military service led to a notable reduction in fat tissue and an increase in lean tissue. Hence, the development of tailored training protocols is imperative to enhance the physical capacity and overall health of military recruits, considering sex-specific characteristics and physical attributes.