背景:在COVID-19大流行中,儿童和青年对日常生活产生了显着影响,这与较差的家庭和朋友关系有关,以及更大的心理健康挑战。很少有研究提供有关儿童和青少年自身心理健康症状的自我报告数据。我们试图研究社会因素与儿童和青年自我报告的情绪恶化症状之间的关联,焦虑,和COVID-19大流行期间的烦躁。
方法:在线进行了一项具有全国代表性的横断面调查,以收集加拿大10个省儿童(11-14岁)和青少年(15-18岁)的自我报告数据。2022年4月-5月。适合年龄的问题是基于“产妇伙伴关系”,新生儿和儿童健康以及世界卫生组织H6+青少年健康和福祉技术工作组共识框架和冠状病毒健康和影响调查。先验定义的社会因素之间的关联(例如,关系质量)和受访者自我报告的心理健康使用序数逻辑回归模型进行评估,性别,和地理位置。
结果:我们分析了483名(51.7%)儿童(11-14岁;227名,47.0%女孩)和450名(48.3%)青年(15-18岁;204名,45.3%女孩)的数据。大多数儿童和青年的父母在加拿大居住超过20年(678,72.7%)。超过四分之一的儿童和青年自称为黑人,土著,或有色人种(134,27.7%;134,29.8%,分别)。超过三分之一的儿童和青年自我报告的情绪恶化症状(149,30.9%;125,27.8%,分别),焦虑(181,37.5%;167,37.1%,分别),或烦躁(160,33.1%;160,35.6%,分别)期间,与大流行前相比。按比值比(OR)的降序排列,为儿童和青年,家庭关系恶化(与大流行前相比)与自我报告的情绪恶化症状有关(儿童:OR4.22,95CI2.51-6.88;青年:OR6.6595CI3.98-11.23),焦虑(儿童:OR4.24,95CI2.69-6.75;青年:OR5.28,95CI3.17-8.86),和易怒(儿童:OR2.83,95CI1.76-4.56;青年:OR6.46,95CI3.88-10.90)。
结论:来自具有全国代表性的儿童和青年样本的自我报告数据表明,在COVID-19大流行期间,社会因素与心理健康之间存在很强的关联。针对儿童和青年家庭关系的干预措施可能会对儿童和青年的心理健康产生积极影响。
BACKGROUND: Children and youth experienced marked impacts on day-to-day life in the COVID-19 pandemic that were associated with poorer familial and friend relationships, and greater mental health challenges. Few studies provide self-report data on mental health symptoms from children and youth themselves. We sought to examine the associations between social factors and child and youth self-reported symptoms of worsened mood, anxiety, and irritability during the COVID-19 pandemic.
METHODS: A nationally representative cross-sectional survey was administered online to collect self-report data across 10 Canadian provinces among children (11-14 years) and youth (15-18 years), April-May 2022. Age-appropriate questions were based on The Partnership for Maternal, Newborn & Child Health and the World Health Organization of the United Nations H6 + Technical Working Group on Adolescent Health and Well-Being consensus framework and the Coronavirus Health and Impact Survey. Associations between a priori defined social factors (e.g., relationship quality) and respondent self-reported mental health were evaluated using ordinal logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, and geographic location.
RESULTS: We analyzed data from 483 (51.7%) children (11-14 years; 227, 47.0% girls) and 450 (48.3%) youth (15-18 years; 204, 45.3% girls). The parents of most children and youth had resided in Canada for over 20 years (678, 72.7%). Over one-quarter of children and youth self-identified as Black, Indigenous, or a Person of Color (134, 27.7%; 134, 29.8%, respectively). Over one-third of children and youth self-reported symptoms of worsened mood (149, 30.9%; 125, 27.8%, respectively), anxiety (181, 37.5%; 167, 37.1%, respectively), or irritability (160, 33.1%; 160, 35.6%, respectively) during, compared to pre-pandemic. In descending order of odds ratios (OR), for children and youth, worsened familial relationships (during compared to pre-pandemic) was associated with the self-reported symptoms of worsened mood (child: OR 4.22, 95%CI 2.51-6.88; youth: OR 6.65 95%CI 3.98-11.23), anxiety (child: OR 4.24, 95%CI2.69-6.75; youth: OR 5.28, 95%CI 3.17-8.86), and irritability (child: OR 2.83, 95%CI 1.76-4.56; youth: OR 6.46, 95%CI 3.88-10.90).
CONCLUSIONS: Self-reported data from a nationally representative sample of children and youth suggest strong associations between social factors and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Interventions targeting child and youth familial relationships may positively impact child and youth mental health.