UNASSIGNED: Official conference hashtags are commonly used to promote tweeting and social media engagement. The reach and impact of introducing a new hashtag during an oncology conference have yet to be studied. The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) conducts an annual global meeting, which was entirely virtual due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021.
UNASSIGNED: This study aimed to assess the reach and impact (in the form of vertices and edges generated) and X (formerly Twitter) activity of the new hashtags #goASCO20 and #goASCO21 in the ASCO 2020 and 2021 virtual conferences.
UNASSIGNED: New hashtags (#goASCO20 and #goASCO21) were created for the ASCO virtual conferences in 2020 and 2021 to help focus gynecologic oncology discussion at the ASCO meetings. Data were retrieved using these hashtags (#goASCO20 for 2020 and #goASCO21 for 2021). A social network analysis was performed using the NodeXL software application.
UNASSIGNED: The hashtags #goASCO20 and #goASCO21 had similar impacts on the social network. Analysis of the reach and impact of the individual hashtags found #goASCO20 to have 150 vertices and 2519 total edges and #goASCO20 to have 174 vertices and 2062 total edges. Mentions and tweets between 2020 and 2021 were also similar. The circles representing different users were spatially arranged in a more balanced way in 2021. Tweets using the #goASCO21 hashtag received significantly more responses than tweets using #goASCO20 (75 times in 2020 vs 360 times in 2021; z value=16.63 and P<.001). This indicates increased engagement in the subsequent year.
UNASSIGNED: Introducing a gynecologic oncology specialty-specific hashtag (#goASCO20 and #goASCO21) that is related but different from the official conference hashtag (#ASCO20 and #ASCO21) helped facilitate discussion on topics of interest to gynecologic oncologists during a virtual pan-oncology meeting. This impact was visible in the social network analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To describe perceptions of supportive factors for reducing the risk of maternal mortality among women with substance use disorders (SUDs) in a rural setting.
METHODS: Qualitative descriptive design.
METHODS: Participants were recruited from a rural setting in a U.S. Midwest state where rates of maternal substance use and maternal mortality are high.
METHODS: Sixteen participants were recruited from a maternal residential substance use treatment center.
METHODS: Semistructured interviews were used during which participants described their perceptions of maternal mortality and their related experiences. We analyzed the transcribed interviews using a basic inductive content analysis to yield themes and subthemes.
RESULTS: We identified three main themes: Social Networks, Respectful Perinatal Care, and Residential Substance Use Treatment.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that nurses and other health care providers should be knowledgeable of resources to increase the social networks of women with SUD, recognize and manage the biases and judgments they may hold against women with SUD, and advocate for and refer women with SUD to residential substance use treatment.

OBJECTIVE: The family physician team has become the core carrier for delivery primary health care in China. This study aimed to measure the effect of the network structural characteristics of family physician team processes on health performance. Strategic recommendations for optimizing the family physician team processes with a view to improving performance were presented.
METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from October to December 2021 in Qianjiang in Hubei Province and Changsha in Hunan Province. Task performance, contextual performance, social networks, and sociodemographic characteristics were collected. Social network analysis was conducted to calculate density and centralization, then hierarchical linear regression analysis was employed to explore the relationship between the network structural characteristics of family physician team processes and performance.
RESULTS: In total, 88 family physician teams attended in this investigation. The transition processes of family physician team showed a distinctive low density (0.272 ± 0.112), high centralization (0.866 ± 0.197) network structure. For family physician team, the density of action processes significantly and positively affected task performance (B = 0.600, P < 0.05); the centralization of action processes positively affected task performance (B = 0.604, P < 0.01); the density of action processes positively affected contextual performance (B = 0.545, P < 0.01); the density of interpersonal processes significantly and positively affected contextual performance (B = 0.326, P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: The network density and centralization of family physician team processes have positive effects on chronic disease management performance. The results from this study help to enhance our conceptual understanding of social network and its implications for team-dynamics. Optimizing family physician team processes is an effective way to strengthen the construction of family physician team and promote the quality and efficiency of family physician-contracted service. It is recommended to strengthen the management of team processes, enhance the internal collaboration mechanism, and optimize the centralized network structure of family physician team.

Since the 2011 Fukushima nuclear power plant accident, multiple social network disruptions have been reported among the community in Fukushima, while posttraumatic stress symptoms among the residents have persisted. In this study, we aimed to explore the influence of time and social networks on the recovery of posttraumatic stress symptoms based on longitudinal data from community residents in Fukushima, following up five to ten years after the nuclear power plant accident. We conducted five questionnaire surveys quasi-annually, the targets of which were randomly sampled 4900 non-evacuee community residents. In this study, the data of 1809 respondents who participated in at least one survey were used (36.9% of the initial target). Setting posttraumatic stress symptoms as the outcome, we examined the interaction between time and social network size using a mixed model, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and disaster-related events. Their interaction was statistically significant, and the posttraumatic stress symptoms of those with small social networks persisted, while those with larger social networks recovered. Maintaining and promoting social networks may contribute to mental health recovery after a nuclear disaster.

BACKGROUND: Loneliness is a widespread phenomenon, and it is associated with a variety of health problems and diseases. Unemployed individuals diagnosed with a mental illness (UMIs) are at a high risk of experiencing loneliness, with serious repercussions for their health and vocational rehabilitation. With this study we wanted to better understand the associations between sociodemographic variables, mental health, and loneliness in UMIs.
METHODS: We analyzed the data of 526 unemployed individuals that received means-tested benefits as well as at least one psychiatric diagnosis. Data were collected between September 2020 and September 2023. We conducted two robust regressions with loneliness (University of California, Los Angeles, Loneliness Scale, UCLA) as an outcome (N = 526). In the first regression, we used social network as a predictor (Lubben Social Network Scale, LSNS-6); in the second regression we included the additional predictors personal debt (yes/no), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire, PHQ-9), anxiety (Mini-Symptom-Checklist,MSCL), and somatization (MSCL) as well as age, gender, education, and living with a partner as control variables.
RESULTS: We found a significant negative association between social network and loneliness, and a significant positive association between a high level of education, depression, anxiety, and loneliness.
CONCLUSIONS: Unemployed individuals diagnosed with a mental illness in our sample exhibited high levels of depression, anxiety, somatization, and loneliness. The associations between social network, mental health, and loneliness that we found emphasize the importance of psychological screening and/or diagnostics, and they highlight areas for prevention.
UNASSIGNED: HINTERGRUND: Einsamkeit ist ein weitverbreitetes Phänomen und steht in Zusammenhang mit gesundheitlichen Beeinträchtigungen. Dabei stellen Arbeitslose mit psychischen Erkrankungen (ALPE) eine Hochrisikogruppe in Hinblick auf Gesundheit und berufliche Wiedereingliederung dar. Ziel dieser Studie ist ein besseres Verständnis der Zusammenhänge zwischen Soziodemografie, psychischer Gesundheit und Einsamkeit bei ALPE.
METHODS: Für die vorliegende Studie wurden die Fragebögen von 526 arbeitslosen Personen im ALG-2-Bezug und mit mindestens einer psychiatrischen Diagnose aus dem Erhebungszeitraum 09/2020–09/2023 ausgewertet. Es wurden 2 Regressionsanalysen mit robusten Schätzern und der Outcome-Variable Einsamkeit (University of California, Los Angeles, Loneliness Scale, UCLA) durchgeführt. Bei der ersten Regression wurde der alleinige Prädiktor soziales Netzwerk (Lubben Social Network Scale, LSNS-6) verwendet, bei der zweiten wurden Schulden (Ja/Nein), Depression (Patient Health Questionnaire, PHQ-9), Angst (Mini-Symptom-Checkliste, MSCL) und Somatisierung (MSCL) ergänzt sowie Alter, Geschlecht, Bildung und Zusammenleben mit Partner als Kontrollvariablen.
UNASSIGNED: Es zeigen sich ein signifikant negativer Zusammenhang zwischen sozialem Netzwerk und Einsamkeit sowie ein signifikant positiver Zusammenhang zwischen hoher Bildung, Depression, Angst und Einsamkeit.
CONCLUSIONS: Bei den ALPE fanden sich im Vergleich zu anderen Studien hohe Belastungen durch Depression, Angst, Somatisierung und Einsamkeit. Die identifizierten Zusammenhänge zwischen sozialem Netzwerk, psychischer Gesundheit und Einsamkeit verdeutlichen die Wichtigkeit von psychologischen Screeningverfahren und/oder Diagnostik in dieser Hochrisikogruppe und bieten Ansatzpunkte für die Prävention.

The inappropriate use of electronic devices can affect the psychological and physical health of children and adolescents. Therefore, it is essential to accompany them and promote media literacy to ensure a healthy and responsible use of technology. On occasions that depend on a multifactorial complex, the inappropriate use of networks can trigger problematic consumption and seriously affect the lives of young people. In 2022, the World Health Organization recognized, through ICD-11, the addiction to video games and used the term \"problematic use\" for the Internet and social networks. This article attempts to update professionals on new trends in the consumption of social networks, video games, and online gambling platforms and their consequences on the psychophysical well-being of children and adolescents.
El uso inapropiado de dispositivos electrónicos puede afectar la salud psicofísica de niños y adolescentes. Por ello, es fundamental acompañarlos y fomentar la alfabetización mediática para garantizar un uso saludable y responsable de la tecnología. En ocasiones que dependen de un complejo multifactorial, el uso inadecuado de las redes puede desencadenar consumos problemáticos y afectar gravemente la vida de los jóvenes. En 2022, la Organización Mundial de la Salud reconoció, a través del CIE 11, la adicción a los videojuegos y utilizó el término “uso problemático” para internet y redes sociales. Este artículo intenta actualizar a los profesionales sobre las nuevas tendencias en el consumo de las redes sociales, los videojuegos, las plataformas de apuestas en línea y sus consecuencias en el bienestar psicofísico de los niños y adolescentes.

OBJECTIVE: Sexual and gender minority (SGM) young adults are disproportionately impacted by homelessness and heavy drinking (i.e., having five or more drinks of alcohol in a row within a couple of hours). Social support, in general, is protective in reducing individuals\' risk of heavy drinking. However, whether and how support from different sources may have different implications on heavy drinking among SGM young adults experiencing homelessness (SGM-YAEH) remains unclear. Informed by the risk amplification and abatement model (RAAM), this study examined the associations between support sources and heavy drinking among SGM-YAEH.
METHODS: A purposive sample of SGM-YAEH (N=425) recruited in homeless service agencies from seven major cities in the U.S. completed a self-administered computer-assisted anonymous survey. This survey covered heavy drinking behaviors and social network properties. Logistic regression models were conducted to identify social support sources associated with SGM-YAEH\'s heavy drinking.
RESULTS: Over 40 % of SGM-YAEH were involved in heavy drinking in the past 30 days. Receiving support from street-based peers (OR=1.9; 95 % CI=1.1, 3.2) and home-based peers (OR=1.7; 95 % CI=1.0, 2.8) were each positively associated with SGMYAEH heavy drinking risks.
CONCLUSIONS: This study was not able to identify the protective role social supports may play in reducing SGM-YAEH\'s heavy drinking. Furthermore, receiving support from network members was correlated with elevated heavy drinking risks among this population. As heavy drinking prevention programs develop interventions: they should use affirming and trauma approaches to promote protective social ties, as research points to its association in reducing alcohol use disparities among SGM-YAEH.

In humans and other social animals, social partners have more similar microbiomes than expected by chance, suggesting that social contact transfers microorganisms. However, social microbiome transmission can be difficult to identify if social partners also have other traits in common or live in a shared environment. Strain-resolved metagenomics has been proposed as a solution for tracking microbial transmission. Using a fecal microbiota transplant dataset, we show that strain sharing can recapitulate true transmission networks under ideal settings when donor-recipient pairs are unambiguous. However, gut metagenomes from a wild baboon population, where social networks predict compositional similarity, show that strain sharing is also driven by demographic and environmental factors that can override signals of social interactions. We conclude that strain-level analyses provide useful information about microbiome similarity, but other facets of study design, especially longitudinal sampling and careful consideration of host characteristics, are essential for conclusions about the underlying mechanisms.

BACKGROUND: Understanding how HIV self-testing (HIVST) can meet the testing needs of gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) and trans people whose social networks vary is key to upscaling HIVST implementation. We aim to develop a contextual understanding of social networks and HIV testing needs among GBMSM (cis and transgender) and trans women in SELPHI (An HIV Self-testing Public Health Intervention), the UK\'s largest randomised trial on HIVST.
METHODS: This study re-analysed qualitative interviews conducted from 2015 to 2020. Forty-three in-person interviews were thematically analysed using the Framework Method. Our analytic matrix inductively categorised participants based on the unmet needs for HIV testing and the extent of social network support. The role of social networks on HIVST behaviour was explored based on individuals\' testing trajectories.
RESULTS: Four distinct groups were identified based on their unmet testing needs and perceived support from social networks. Optimisation advocates (people with high unmet needs and with high network support, n = 17) strived to tackle their remaining barriers to HIV testing through timely support and empowerment from social networks. Privacy seekers (people with high unmet needs and with low network support, n = 6) prioritised privacy because of perceived stigma. Opportunistic adopters (people with low unmet needs and with high network support, n = 16) appreciated social network support and acknowledged socially privileged lives. Resilient testers (people with low unmet needs and with low network support, n = 4) might hold potentially disproportionate confidence in managing HIV risks without sustainable coping strategies for potential seroconversion. Supportive social networks can facilitate users\' uptake of HIVST by: (1) increasing awareness and positive attitudes towards HIVST, (2) facilitating users\' initiation into HIVST with timely support and (3) affording participants an inclusive space to share and discuss testing strategies.
CONCLUSIONS: Our proposed categorisation may facilitate the development of differentiated person-centred HIVST programmes. HIVST implementers should carefully consider individuals\' unmet testing needs and perceived levels of social support, and design context-specific HIVST strategies that link people lacking supportive social networks to comprehensive HIV care.

BACKGROUND: Social network strategies, in which social networks are utilized to influence individuals or communities, are increasingly being used to deliver human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) interventions to key populations. We summarized and critically assessed existing research on the effectiveness of social network strategies in promoting HIV self-testing (HIVST).
METHODS: Using search terms related to social network interventions and HIVST, we searched five databases for trials published between 1st January 2010 and 30th June 2023. Outcomes included uptake of HIV testing, HIV prevalence and linkage to antiretroviral therapy (ART) or HIV care. We used network meta-analysis to assess the uptake of HIV testing through social network strategies compared with control methods. A pairwise meta-analysis of studies with a comparison arm that reported outcomes was performed to assess relative risks (RR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI).
RESULTS: Among the 4496 manuscripts identified, 39 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria, including one quasi-experimental study, 22 randomized controlled trials and 16 observational studies. Networks HIVST testing was organized by peers (distributed to known peers, 15 studies), partners (distributed to their sexual partners, 16 studies) and peer educators (distributed to unknown peers, 8 studies). Among social networks, simulating the possibilities of ranking position, peer distribution had the highest uptake of HIV testing (84% probability), followed by partner distribution (80% probability) and peer educator distribution (74% probability). Pairwise meta-analysis showed that peer distribution (RR 2.29, 95% CI 1.54-3.39, 5 studies) and partner distribution (RR 1.76, 95% CI 1.50-2.07, 10 studies) also increased the probability of detecting HIV reactivity during testing within the key population when compared to the control.
CONCLUSIONS: All of the three social network distribution strategies enhanced the uptake of HIV testing compared to standard facility-based testing. Linkage to ART or HIV care remained comparable to facility-based testing across the three HIVST distribution strategies.
CONCLUSIONS: Network-based HIVST distribution is considered effective in augmenting HIV testing rates and reaching marginalized populations compared to facility-based testing. These strategies can be integrated with the existing HIV care services, to fill the testing gap among key populations globally.
UNASSIGNED: CRD42022361782.