背景:以前的研究表明,人格特质(即,对经验的开放,尽责,和同意)与偏见态度有关。然而,偏见的一个方面是社会距离;它与人格特质的关系被以前的研究忽视了。因此,这项研究考察了大五人格特质与某些社会群体的社会距离之间的联系。
方法:通过传单招募来自普通人群的参与者,机构网页,Facebook,并通过项目招聘网站,并通过纸笔或在线表格进行评估。共有214名参与者(其中68.2%是女性,平均年龄为32.65,SD=11.27,范围18-72),他们完成了Bogardus社会距离量表和44项“大五”调查问卷。
结果:结果显示了社会距离之间的关系,令人愉快,和开放的经验。和蔼可亲似乎降低了与所有研究群体的社会距离。相比之下,对经验的开放似乎降低了与群体的社会距离,这些群体在大多数人中引起了更多的两极分化的态度(例如,移民)。此外,人口统计特征的影响(即,年龄,教育水平,和性别)也很重要。
结论:这项研究表明,人格与社会距离和偏见态度的表达显著相关。特别是,对经验的同意性和开放性对社会距离和对不同群体的态度有不同的影响。进一步的影响进行了讨论。
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that personality traits (i.e., openness to experience, conscientiousness, and agreeableness) relate to prejudicial attitudes. However, one of the aspects of prejudice is social distance; its association with personality traits was overlooked by previous studies. Therefore, this study examines the connection between the Big Five personality traits and social distance toward certain social groups.
METHODS: Participants from the general population were recruited through leaflets, the institutional webpage, Facebook, and through the project recruitment website and assessed via paper-and-pencil or online form. A total of 214 participants were included (of whom 68.2% were women and the mean age was 32.65, SD = 11.27, range 18-72) who completed the Bogardus Social Distance Scale and the 44-item Big Five Inventory questionnaire.
RESULTS: The results showed a relationship between social distance, agreeableness, and openness to experience. Agreeableness seems to lower the social distance toward all studied groups. In comparison, openness to experience seems to lower the social distance towards groups that evoke more polarized attitudes in the majority (e.g., migrants). Furthermore, the influence of demographic characteristics (i.e., age, education level, and gender) is also significant.
CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that personality is significantly related to social distancing and expression of prejudicial attitudes. In particular, agreeableness and openness to experience have different effects on social distance and attitudes towards different groups. Further implications are discussed.