基于纤维的人造肌肉有望用于能够感知的智能纺织品,互动,适应环境刺激。然而,由于变形有限,目前人工肌肉纺织品在可穿戴和工程领域的应用在很大程度上仍然受到限制,限制性刺激,和不舒服。这里,通过掺入很小的部分(<1wt。%)的Ti3C2TxMXene/纤维素纳米纤维(CNF)复合材料制成自合股和加捻羊毛纱线。当受到水分和光热刺激时,它们可以提升和降低超过自身重量3400倍的负荷。此外,纱线肌肉同旋或异旋盘绕以产生弹簧状肌肉,在光热刺激下产生超过550%的伸长或83%的收缩。致动机构,涉及光热/水分-机械能转换,通过实验和有限元模拟的结合来阐明。具体来说,MXene/CNF复合材料可用作光热和吸湿剂,以加速近红外(NIR)光下的水分蒸发和环境空气中的水分吸收。由于其低成本,易于制造,大的可缩放尺寸,强大的力量加上双重响应能力,这些软致动器对智能纺织品和自适应纺织品等设备很有吸引力,软机器人,和可穿戴信息加密。
Fiber-based artificial muscles are promising for smart textiles capable of sensing, interacting, and adapting to environmental stimuli. However, the application of current artificial muscle-based textiles in wearable and engineering fields has largely remained a constraint due to the limited deformation, restrictive stimulation, and uncomfortable. Here, dual-responsive yarn muscles with high contractile actuation force are fabricated by incorporating a very small fraction (<1 wt.%) of Ti3C2Tx MXene/cellulose nanofibers (CNF) composites into self-plied and twisted wool yarns. They can lift and lower a load exceeding 3400 times their own weight when stimulated by moisture and photothermal. Furthermore, the yarn muscles are coiled homochirally or heterochirally to produce spring-like muscles, which generated over 550% elongation or 83% contraction under the photothermal stimulation. The actuation mechanism, involving photothermal/moisture-mechanical energy conversion, is clarified by a combination of experiments and finite element simulations. Specifically, MXene/CNF composites serve as both photothermal and hygroscopic agents to accelerate water evaporation under near-infrared (NIR) light and moisture absorption from ambient air. Due to their low-cost facile fabrication, large scalable dimensions, and robust strength coupled with dual responsiveness, these soft actuators are attractive for intelligent textiles and devices such as self-adaptive textiles, soft robotics, and wearable information encryption.