核因子-κB(NF-κB)在先天和适应性免疫系统中起着至关重要的作用,显着影响各种生理过程,如细胞增殖,迁移,分化,生存,和干劲。NF-κB在癌症进展和化疗反应中的功能越来越受到重视。这篇综述强调了NF-B在炎症控制中的作用,生物学机制,以及癌症治疗中的治疗意义。NF-κB有助于改变炎症因子的释放,如TNF-α,IL-6和IL-1β,这是调节致癌作用的关键。具体来说,在包括结肠炎在内的条件下,NF-κB上调可以加剧炎症,可能导致结直肠癌的发展。它的关键作用延伸到调节肿瘤微环境,影响巨噬细胞等成分,成纤维细胞,T细胞,和自然杀伤细胞。这种调节影响肿瘤发生并可以抑制抗肿瘤免疫应答。此外,NF-κB调节细胞死亡机制,特别是通过抑制细胞凋亡和铁凋亡。它在各种癌症中刺激或抑制自噬方面也具有双重作用。除了这些功能,NF-κB在控制癌症干细胞中起作用,促进血管生成,通过EMT诱导增加转移潜能,降低肿瘤细胞对化疗和放疗的敏感性。鉴于其致癌能力,研究集中在可以抑制NF-B的天然产物和小分子化合物上,为癌症治疗提供有希望的途径。
Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-ĸB) plays a crucial role in both innate and adaptive immune systems, significantly influencing various physiological processes such as cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, survival, and stemness. The function of NF-ĸB in cancer progression and response to chemotherapy has gained increasing attention. This review highlights the role of NF-ĸB in inflammation control, biological mechanisms, and therapeutic implications in cancer treatment. NF-ĸB is instrumental in altering the release of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, which are key in the regulation of carcinogenesis. Specifically, in conditions including colitis, NF-ĸB upregulation can intensify inflammation, potentially leading to the development of colorectal cancer. Its pivotal role extends to regulating the tumor microenvironment, impacting components such as macrophages, fibroblasts, T cells, and natural killer cells. This regulation influences tumorigenesis and can dampen anti-tumor immune responses. Additionally, NF-ĸB modulates cell death mechanisms, notably by inhibiting apoptosis and ferroptosis. It also has a dual role in stimulating or suppressing autophagy in various cancers. Beyond these functions, NF-ĸB plays a role in controlling cancer stem cells, fostering angiogenesis, increasing metastatic potential through EMT induction, and reducing tumor cell sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Given its oncogenic capabilities, research has focused on natural products and small molecule compounds that can suppress NF-ĸB, offering promising avenues for cancer therapy.