RNA干扰(RNAi)是一种保守的分子机制,在跨不同生物体的转录后基因沉默中起着关键作用。本文就RNAi在植物功能基因组学中的作用及其在作物改良中的应用作一综述。强调其机械见解和实际意义。这篇综述从RNAi机制的基础发现开始,从矮牵牛到它在各种生物中的广泛存在。各类调节性非编码小RNA,包括siRNA,miRNA,和phasiRNAs,已经被发现,扩大了RNAi介导的基因调控的范围,超出了常规的理解。这些RNA类参与影响基因表达的复杂的转录后和表观遗传过程。在作物增产的背景下,RNAi已成为理解基因功能的强大工具。它已被证明在破译与抗逆性相关的基因作用方面是有效的,代谢途径,还有更多.此外,基于RNAi的方法为病虫害综合治理和可持续农业提供了希望。为全球粮食安全做出贡献。这篇综述讨论了RNAi的不同应用,比如修改工厂架构,延长保质期,提高作物的营养成分。RNAi技术的挑战和未来前景,包括交付方法和生物安全问题,也在探索。RNAi研究的全球格局凸显,在中国等地区的重大贡献下,欧洲,和北美。总之,RNAi在现代植物研究中仍然是一个多功能和关键的工具。为理解基因功能和改善作物性状提供了新的途径。它与基因编辑等其他生物技术方法的整合具有塑造农业和可持续粮食生产未来的潜力。
RNA interference (RNAi) is a conserved molecular mechanism that plays a critical role in post-transcriptional gene silencing across diverse organisms. This review delves into the role of RNAi in plant functional genomics and its applications in crop improvement, highlighting its mechanistic insights and practical implications. The review begins with the foundational discovery of RNAi\'s mechanism, tracing its origins from petunias to its widespread presence in various organisms. Various classes of regulatory non-coding small RNAs, including siRNAs, miRNAs, and phasiRNAs, have been uncovered, expanding the scope of RNAi-mediated gene regulation beyond conventional understanding. These RNA classes participate in intricate post-transcriptional and epigenetic processes that influence gene expression. In the context of crop enhancement, RNAi has emerged as a powerful tool for understanding gene functions. It has proven effective in deciphering gene roles related to stress resistance, metabolic pathways, and more. Additionally, RNAi-based approaches hold promise for integrated pest management and sustainable agriculture, contributing to global efforts in food security. This review discusses RNAi\'s diverse applications, such as modifying plant architecture, extending shelf life, and enhancing nutritional content in crops. The challenges and future prospects of RNAi technology, including delivery methods and biosafety concerns, are also explored. The global landscape of RNAi research is highlighted, with significant contributions from regions such as China, Europe, and North America. In conclusion, RNAi remains a versatile and pivotal tool in modern plant research, offering novel avenues for understanding gene functions and improving crop traits. Its integration with other biotechnological approaches such as gene editing holds the potential to shape the future of agriculture and sustainable food production.