如今,蔬菜嫁接在农业生产中广泛用于控制土传病原体,非生物和生物胁迫,并改善接穗的表型特征。商业蔬菜嫁接目前在番茄中实践,西瓜,甜瓜,茄子,黄瓜,和胡椒。它也被认为是相对较慢的育种方法的快速替代方法,以提高水果蔬菜的环境胁迫耐受性。然而,尽管嫁接已经使用了几个世纪,直到今天,还有许多问题没有阐明。这篇综述将强调嫁接过程中发生的重要机制,特别是嫁接伙伴之间的基因组相互作用和砧木对接穗性能的影响。将特别强调蔬菜嫁接之间的关系,表观遗传学,以及产品形态和质量的变化。植物科学的最新进展,例如下一代测序,提供了有关砧木和接穗之间分子相互作用的新信息。现在证明,在砧木和接穗之间的嫁接连接上发生了遗传交换,可能影响嫁接植物中已经记录的嫁接介导的效应。此外,DNA甲基化的显著变化记录在嫁接接穗中,表明这些表观遗传机制可能与嫁接效应有关。在这方面,我们还讨论了砧木接穗通讯的过程和分子方面。最后,我们提供了在嫁接植物中记录的基因表达变化的广泛概述,以及这些变化如何与观察到的表型变化有关。他的评论最终旨在阐明砧木-接穗相互作用的动力学,从而激发未来对嫁接的更多研究。在可持续农业生产是前进道路的未来,嫁接可以发挥重要作用,以安全和“绿色”的方式开发出更高的产量和质量的产品。
Vegetable grafting is extensively used today in agricultural production to control soil-borne pathogens, abiotic and biotic stresses and to improve phenotypic characteristics of the scion. Commercial vegetable grafting is currently practiced in tomato, watermelon, melon, eggplant, cucumber, and pepper. It is also regarded as a rapid alternative to the relatively slow approach of breeding for increased environmental-stress tolerance of fruit vegetables. However, even though grafting has been used for centuries, until today, there are still many issues that have not been elucidated. This review will emphasize on the important mechanisms taking place during grafting, especially the genomic interactions between grafting partners and the impact of rootstocks in scion\'s performance. Special emphasis will be drawn on the relation between vegetable grafting, epigenetics, and the changes in morphology and quality of the products. Recent advances in plant science such as next-generation sequencing provide new information regarding the molecular interactions between rootstock and scion. It is now evidenced that genetic exchange is happening across grafting junctions between rootstock and scion, potentially affecting grafting-mediated effects already recorded in grafted plants. Furthermore, significant changes in DNA methylation are recorded in grafted scions, suggesting that these epigenetic mechanisms could be implicated in grafting effects. In this aspect, we also discuss the process and the molecular aspects of rootstock scion communication. Finally, we provide with an extensive overview of gene expression changes recorded in grafted plants and how these are related to the phenotypic changes observed. Τhis review finally seeks to elucidate the dynamics of rootstock-scion interactions and thus stimulate more research on grafting in the future. In a future where sustainable agricultural production is the way forward, grafting could play an important role to develop products of higher yield and quality in a safe and \"green\" way.