目的:本研究的目的是评估不同的实时视线共享可视化技术如何影响眼动追踪指标,工作量,团队态势感知(TSA),和团队绩效。
背景:凝视共享是一种实时可视化技术,可让团队知道其团队成员在共享显示器上的查看位置。凝视共享可视化技术是提高简单任务协作性能的一种有前途的手段;然而,需要验证更复杂和动态的任务的凝视共享。
方法:这项研究评估了凝视共享对眼动追踪指标的影响,工作量,SA队,和团队在模拟无人机(UAV)指挥和控制任务中的表现。35个由两个组成的团队在三种情况下执行了无人机任务:一个没有凝视共享,两个有凝视共享。凝视共享是使用固定点(即,半透明的彩色点)和固定轨迹(即,最近关注的线索)。
结果:结果表明,固定痕迹显着降低了扫视活动,降低了工作量,支持各级团队SA,与没有凝视共享相比,性能有所提高;然而,固定点对性能和SA有相反的影响。事实上,没有凝视共享胜过固定点。参与者还更喜欢固定轨迹,因为它的可见性和跟踪和监控伴侣凝视历史的能力。
结论:结果表明,凝视共享具有支持协作的潜力,但它的有效性在很大程度上取决于设计和使用环境。
结论:研究结果表明,凝视共享可视化技术,就像固定的痕迹,有可能改善复杂无人机任务中的团队合作,并可能在各种协作环境中具有更广泛的适用性。
OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to assess how different real-time gaze sharing visualization techniques affect eye tracking metrics, workload, team situational awareness (TSA), and team performance.
BACKGROUND: Gaze sharing is a real-time visualization technique that allows teams to know where their team members are looking on a shared display. Gaze sharing visualization techniques are a promising means to improve collaborative performance on simple tasks; however, there needs to be validation of gaze sharing with more complex and dynamic tasks.
METHODS: This study evaluated the effect of gaze sharing on eye tracking metrics, workload, team SA, and team performance in a simulated unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) command-and-control task. Thirty-five teams of two performed UAV tasks under three conditions: one with no gaze sharing and two with gaze sharing. Gaze sharing was presented using a fixation dot (i.e., a translucent colored dot) and a fixation trail (i.e., a trail of the most recent fixations).
RESULTS: The results showed that the fixation trail significantly reduced saccadic activity, lowered workload, supported team SA at all levels, and improved performance compared to no gaze sharing; however, the fixation dot had the opposite effect on performance and SA. In fact, having no gaze sharing outperformed the fixation dot. Participants also preferred the fixation trail for its visibility and ability to track and monitor the history of their partner\'s gaze.
CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that gaze sharing has the potential to support collaboration, but its effectiveness depends highly on the design and context of use.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that gaze sharing visualization techniques, like the fixation trail, have the potential to improve teamwork in complex UAV tasks and could have broader applicability in a variety of collaborative settings.