UNASSIGNED: We will describe the use of nasolabial Burow\'s advancement flaps (perialar crescentic advancements) to repair multi subunit defects of the nasal sidewall including the adjacent cheek, dorsum, tip, and ala without the need of additional flaps.
UNASSIGNED: This retrospective single centre study analyzed 6 month postoperative photographs using the Manchester Scar scale. The operative technique is described in detail.
UNASSIGNED: Of 355 cases, 336 were available for analysis. The median Manchester Scar scale was 7 for both sidewall defects and multi-subunit defects. There were low rates of infection or necrosis.
UNASSIGNED: With the correct technique, the nasolabial Burow\'s advancement alone is suitable to repair even large multi-subunit defects involving the nasal sidewall, cheek, dorsum, tip, and ala with high-level aesthetic and functional results.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this research was to explore the difference and correlation of the morphological and hemodynamic features between sidewall and bifurcation aneurysms in anterior circulation arteries, utilizing computational fluid dynamics as a tool for analysis.
METHODS: In line with the designated inclusion criteria, this study covered 160 aneurysms identified in 131 patients who received treatment at Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China, from January 2021 to September 2022. Utilizing follow-up digital subtraction angiography (DSA) data, these cases were classified into two distinct groups: the sidewall aneurysm group and the bifurcation aneurysm group. Morphological and hemodynamic parameters in the immediate preoperative period were meticulously calculated and examined in both groups using a three-dimensional DSA reconstruction model.
RESULTS: No significant differences were found in the morphological or hemodynamic parameters of bifurcation aneurysms at varied locations within the anterior circulation. However, pronounced differences were identified between sidewall and bifurcation aneurysms in terms of morphological parameters such as the diameter of the parent vessel (Dvessel), inflow angle (θF), and size ratio (SR), as well as the hemodynamic parameter of inflow concentration index (ICI) (P<0.001). Notably, only the SR exhibited a significant correlation with multiple hemodynamic parameters (P<0.001), while the ICI was closely related to several morphological parameters (R>0.5, P<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: The significant differences in certain morphological and hemodynamic parameters between sidewall and bifurcation aneurysms emphasize the importance to contemplate variances in threshold values for these parameters when evaluating the risk of rupture in anterior circulation aneurysms. Whether it is a bifurcation or sidewall aneurysm, these disparities should be considered. The morphological parameter SR has the potential to be a valuable clinical tool for promptly distinguishing the distinct rupture risks associated with sidewall and bifurcation aneurysms.

In microchannels, microstructure-induced acoustic streaming can be achieved at low frequencies, providing simple platforms for biomedicine and microfluidic manipulation. Nowadays, microstructures are generally fabricated by photolithography or soft photolithography. Existing studies mainly focused on the projection plane, while ignoring the side profile including microstructure\'s sidewall and channel\'s upper wall. Based on the perturbation theory, the article focuses on the effect of microstructure\'s sidewall errors caused by machining and the viscous dissipation of upper wall on the streaming. We discovered that the side profile parameters, particularly the gap (gap g between the top of the structure and the upper wall of the channel), have a significant impact on the maximum velocity, mode, and effective area of the streaming.To broaden the applicability, we investigated boundary layer thickness parameters including frequency and viscosity. Under different thickness parameters, the effects of side profile parameters on the streaming are similar. But the maximum streaming velocity is proportional to the frequency squared and inversely proportional to the viscosity. Besides, the ratio factor θ of the maximum streaming velocity to the vibration velocity is affected by the side profile parameter gap g and sidewall profile angle α.

Background: Bifurcation and sidewall aneurysms have different rupture risks, but whether this difference comes from the location of the aneurysm is not clear. The objective of this study is to illustrate the rationality of ranking bifurcation configuration as an independent risk factor for aneurysm rupture. Methods: Morphological features of 719 aneurysms (216 ruptured) were automatically extracted from a consecutive cohort of patients via PyRadiomics. Rupture risks and morphological features were compared between bifurcation and sidewall aneurysms, and lasso regression was applied to explore the morphological determinants for rupture in bifurcation and sidewall aneurysms. Rupture risks and morphological features of bifurcation aneurysms in different locations were analyzed. Multivariate regression was performed to explore the risk factors for aneurysm rupture. Results: Twelve morphological features were automatically extracted from PyRadiomics implemented in Python. The rupture risks were higher in bifurcation aneurysms (P < 0.01), and morphological features Elongation and Flatness were much lower in ruptured bifurcation than sidewall aneurysms (P = 0.036, 0.011, respectively). Elongation and Flatness were the morphological determinants for rupture in bifurcation aneurysms, whereas Elongation and SphericalDisproportion were determinants for sidewall aneurysms. Different rupture risks and morphological features were found between sidewall and bifurcation aneurysms of the same location, and among bifurcation aneurysms of different locations. In multivariate regression, bifurcation configuration was an independent risk factor for aneurysm rupture (OR 3.007, 95% CI 1.752-5.248, P < 0.001). Conclusions: Sidewall and bifurcation aneurysms and bifurcation aneurysms of different locations have different rupture risks and morphological features. Bifurcation configuration is an independent risk factor for aneurysm rupture irrespective of location.

A better understanding of the mechanisms underpinning the growth of mycobacteria could help identify targets for new antibiotics.

Sidewall roughness measurement is becoming increasingly important in the micro-electromechanical systems and nanoelectronics devices. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an emerging technique for sidewall scanning and roughness measurement due to its high resolution, three-dimensional imaging capability and high accuracy. We report an AFM sidewall imaging method with a quartz tuning fork (QTF) force sensor. A self sensing and actuating force sensor is fabricated by microassembling a commercial AFM cantilever (tip apex radius ≤10 nm) to a QTF. The attached lightweight cantilever allows high-sensitivity force detection (7.4% Q factor reduction) and sidewall imaging with high lateral resolution. Owing to its unique configuration, the tip of the sensor can detect sidewall surface orthogonally during imaging, which reduces lateral friction. In experiments, sidewalls of a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) structure fabricated by deep reactive ion etching process and a standard step grating are scanned and the sidewall roughness, line edge roughness and sidewall angles are measured.

BACKGROUND: Stent-assisted coil embolization (SACE) is used to address wide-necked or complex aneurysms. However, as they may recanalize after SACE, predictors of recanalization are needed. We investigated the relationship between follow-up angiographic results and the morphology of sidewall (SW) aneurysms in patients treated by SACE.
METHODS: Between September 2010 and September 2014, we performed 80 SACE procedures for SW intracranial aneurysms. Angiographic findings, obtained immediately after the procedure, 3-6 months thereafter, and when aneurysmal recanalization was suspected on MR angiogram scan, were recorded. Morphologically, the SW aneurysms were classified as \"outside\" (OS) and \"partially inside\" (PI) based on the curve of the axes of the proximal or distal parent artery with respect to the aneurysmal neck. Follow-up angiographic studies on OS- and PI SW aneurysms were compared.
RESULTS: On the initial angiograms, we classified 42 aneurysms as OS and 38 as PI. Immediately after SACE, there was no significant difference in the angiographic findings on OS and PI aneurysms. However, on follow-up angiograms, there was a significant difference in the rate of spontaneous improvement (4 of 42 [OS] versus 21 of 38 [PI], P = .001). We performed additional coil embolization to treat 3 recanalized OS aneurysms.
CONCLUSIONS: SW aneurysms classified morphologically as PI tended to occlude progressively even after incomplete occlusion by SACE. In contrast, aneurysms classified as OS must be observed carefully after SACE.

A novel atomic force microscope (AFM) dual-probe caliper for critical dimension (CD) metrology has been developed. The caliper is equipped with two facing tilted optical fiber probes (OFPs) wherein each can be used independently to scan either sidewall of micro and nanostructures. The OFP tip with length up to 500 μm (aspect ratio 10:1, apex diameter ⩾10 nm) has unique features of scanning deep trenches and imaging sidewalls of relatively high steps with exclusive profiling possibilities. The caliper arms-OFPs can be accurately aligned with a well calibrated opening distance. The line width, line edge roughness, line width roughness, groove width and CD angles can be measured through serial scan of adjacent or opposite sidewalls with each probe. Capabilities of the presented AFM caliper have been validated through experimental CD measurement results of comb microstructures and AFM calibration grating TGZ3.

CO2-insufflation and electrocoagulation were advanced as causative factors of postsurgical adhesions. We assumed that severe tissue reaction due to electrocoagulation might obscure CO2-insufflation impact on adhesion formation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects and interactions of surgical trauma and CO2-insufflation on adhesion formation. Prospective-randomized study with 60 rats, equally divided into 3 groups. In the control group, the sidewall adhesion model was induced by monopolar coagulation of the uterine horn and ipsilateral parietal peritoneum and by mechanical damaging - in the opposite side through open laparoscopy without CO2-insufflation. In two other groups, CO2 was insufflated for 60 min at 15 cm of water, either before or after the sidewall model-induction. Parameters of sidewall and lesion site adhesions of parietal peritoneum and uterine horns were evaluated by scoring system and analyzed by two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni posttests, one-way ANOVA Student-Newman-Keuls multiple comparisons test, as well as by two-tailed unpaired Mann-Whitney test. Monopolar coagulation significantly increased peritoneal lesion site adhesion scores, as compared with the scores for mechanical damaging (p=0.0001). Visceral peritoneal lesion sites were more predisposed to adhesion formation than parietal peritoneal lesion sites (p=0.0009), whereas CO2 did not affect parameters of either sidewall or peritoneal lesion site adhesions, regardless of the insufflation mode (p>0.05). The data suggest that both surgical trauma and peritoneal lesion sites had a substantial impact on adhesion formation, whereas CO2 did not interfere with adhesion parameters irrespective of its insufflation mode. These findings may improve our insights into adhesion formation pathophysiology and open new perspectives in developing future adhesion prevention strategies.