背景:在植物中,重力引导双向生长;它指定芽的向上生长和根的向下生长。由于重力,根部建立坚固的锚固和射击,能够进行光合作用。它设定了最佳姿势并发展了植物结构,以有效地利用水等资源,营养素,CO2和气体交换。因此,重力对作物生产力以及在具有挑战性的气候中植物的生长至关重要。已知一些SGR成员会影响舵柄和射角,器官大小,和植物的花序茎。
目的:尽管射击引力(SGR)家族在调节射击引力的命运中起着关键作用,与其他参与植物细胞和组织重力反应的蛋白质相比,人们对其功能知之甚少。此外,关于SGR家族在枝条引力作用中的生理活动和生化反应的信息较少。这篇评论审查并强调了枝条引力的最新发展,并为未来的作物发展提供了展望。多应用场景,和转化研究,以提高农业生产力。
■植物已经进化出多个专门用于重力反应的基因家族,其中SGR家族非常重要。SGR家族通过调节特定的生理和生化过程如转录来调节植物的重力反应,细胞分裂,淀粉体沉降,内皮发育,和液泡形成。这里,我们分析了射击引力的最新发现,特别关注植物细胞生物学中的SGR蛋白,细胞生理学,和稳态。植物细胞通过淀粉体(淀粉颗粒)在重力方向上的沉积来检测重力信号,和信令级联开始。重力感应,信令,和生长素再分配(器官曲率)是植物引力的三个组成部分。最终,我们专注于多个SGR基因在芽中的作用,并对SGR家族成员在重力中的参与进行了全面的更新。
BACKGROUND: In plants, gravity directs bidirectional growth; it specifies upward growth of shoots and downward growth of roots. Due to gravity, roots establish robust anchorage and shoot, which enables to photosynthesize. It sets optimum posture and develops plant architecture to efficiently use resources like water, nutrients, CO2, and gaseous exchange. Hence, gravitropism is crucial for crop productivity as well as for the growth of plants in challenging climate. Some SGR members are known to affect tiller and shoot angle, organ size, and inflorescence stem in plants.
OBJECTIVE: Although the SHOOT GRAVITROPISM (SGR) family plays a key role in regulating the fate of shoot gravitropism, little is known about its function compared to other proteins involved in gravity response in plant cells and tissues. Moreover, less information on the SGR family\'s physiological activities and biochemical responses in shoot gravitropism is available. This review scrutinizes and highlights the recent developments in shoot gravitropism and provides an outlook for future crop development, multi-application scenarios, and translational research to improve agricultural productivity.
UNASSIGNED: Plants have evolved multiple gene families specialized in gravitropic responses, of which the SGR family is highly significant. The SGR family regulates the plant\'s gravity response by regulating specific physiological and biochemical processes such as transcription, cell division, amyloplast sedimentation, endodermis development, and vacuole formation. Here, we analyze the latest discoveries in shoot gravitropism with particular attention to SGR proteins in plant cell biology, cellular physiology, and homeostasis. Plant cells detect gravity signals by sedimentation of amyloplast (starch granules) in the direction of gravity, and the signaling cascade begins. Gravity sensing, signaling, and auxin redistribution (organ curvature) are the three components of plant gravitropism. Eventually, we focus on the role of multiple SGR genes in shoot and present a complete update on the participation of SGR family members in gravity.