减少爆炸事故中的伤亡人数,防爆避难所可用于保护石化加工厂高风险地区的人员。在这项工作中,通过瓦斯爆炸试验研究了无涂层和聚脲涂层抗爆板的变形行为。建立了聚脲涂层遮蔽物的ANSYS/LS-DYNA模型,并分析了在各种爆炸荷载作用下舱室的动力响应。进行了一系列的燃料-空气爆炸测试,以研究全尺寸庇护所的抗爆性。结果表明,与未涂覆的抗爆板相比,聚脲涂层抗爆板的变形显著减小。避难所的整体变形是墙壁的中央凹陷和框架的向内弯曲。典型的高超压的破坏效应,低持续负荷大于典型的低超压,长时间负载。避难所在三次反复爆炸载荷下保持完好无损,内壁出现裂缝,但没有坍塌或碎片飞溅。避难所的冲击波衰减率达到90%以上,这可以大大减少室内伤亡人数。
To reduce the number of casualties in explosion accidents, blast-resistant shelters can be used to protect personnel in high-risk areas of petrochemical processing plants. In this work, the deformation behaviours of uncoated and polyurea-coated blast-resistant plates were studied through gas explosion tests. An ANSYS/LS-DYNA model of a polyurea-coated
shelter was established, and the dynamic responses of the
shelter under various explosion loads were analysed. A series of fuel-air explosion tests were carried out to investigate the explosion resistance of the full-scale shelter. The results showed that compared with the uncoated blast-resistant plate, the deformation of the polyurea-coated blast-resistant plate was significantly reduced. The overall deformation of the
shelter was the central depression of the wall and the inward bending of the frame. The damage effect of a typical high-overpressure, low-duration load was greater than that of typical low-overpressure, long-duration load. The
shelter remained intact under three repeated explosive loads, with cracks appearing on the inner wall but no collapse or debris splashing. The shock wave attenuation rate of the
shelter reached over 90%, which could significantly reduce the number of indoor casualties.