■免疫实践咨询委员会(ACIP)建议在共享临床决策(SCDM)下,对16-23岁的青少年和年轻成年人进行脑膜炎球菌血清群B(MenB)疫苗接种。然而,在美国(US),该人群的MenB疫苗接种覆盖率仍然很低。我们调查了意识,态度,在16-18岁的年龄较大的青少年父母和19-23岁的年轻人中,有关MenB疾病和疫苗接种的实践。
2022年9月至10月,对年龄较大的青少年的父母和从美国患者小组招募的年轻人进行了一项在线调查。
■共有606名参与者,包括接种MenB疫苗(n=151)和未接种疫苗(n=154)的青少年的父母,以及接种MenB(n=150)和未接种疫苗(n=151)的年轻人。未接种疫苗的人群报告对MenB疾病(58.3-67.5%)和疫苗接种(49.7-61.0%)的认识较低,尽管未接种疫苗的父母的意识更高。然而,所有队列都报告了对了解更多有关MenB疾病和疫苗接种的兴趣.接种疫苗的队列依赖于初级保健提供者(PCP)来启动MenB疫苗接种对话,并且对SCDM的认知度较低,为35.1-45.3%,尽管了解SCDM的人更有可能参与决策。MenB疫苗接种的障碍包括缺乏PCP建议,疫苗副作用,以及对疫苗接种需求的不确定性。
■对MenB疾病的认识存在差距,疫苗接种,和SCDM在美国的父母和患者中,导致错过了讨论和管理MenB疫苗接种的机会。对MenB进行有针对性的教育和疫苗接种建议可能会增加这些机会,并提高MenB疫苗的认识和开始。
MenB病,一种脑膜炎,是一种严重的危及生命的疾病。美国疾病控制和预防中心(CDC)建议16-23岁的年轻人在与他们的医疗保健提供者交谈并认为这是正确的选择后接种MenB疫苗。截至2021年,只有大约3/10的17岁儿童接种了MenB疫苗。在这项研究中,我们使用在线调查来了解年龄较大的青少年(16-18岁)和年轻人(19-23岁)的父母的意识,思想,以及与脑膜炎和MenB疫苗有关的实践。未接种疫苗的青少年的父母,和未接种疫苗的年轻人,对原因的认识较低,风险,和脑膜炎的症状,和MenB疫苗。此外,大多数父母认为脑膜炎的影响会很严重,与那些认为会不那么严重的年轻人相比。大多数参与者也没有意识到他们在决定他们或他们的孩子是否应该接种MenB疫苗方面的作用。然而,大多数人对了解更多脑膜炎和MenB疫苗表现出很高的兴趣。我们还发现,大多数确实接受了MenB疫苗的青少年和年轻人在与他们的医疗保健提供者讨论后就接受了它。这些发现显示了一个明确的机会来解决关于脑膜炎和MenB疫苗接种的认识和想法差距。为家长提供教育和资源,年轻人,和医疗保健提供者可以创造更多的机会来讨论MenB疫苗接种,并导致更多的青少年获得疫苗接种并受到保护免受脑膜炎。
Meningococcal serogroup B (MenB) vaccination is recommended by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for adolescents and young adults 16-23-years-old under shared clinical decision-making (SCDM). However, MenB vaccination coverage in this population remains low in the United States (US). We investigated the awareness, attitudes, and practices regarding MenB disease and vaccination among parents of 16-18-year-old older adolescents and among 19-23-year-old young adults.
An online survey was conducted in September-October 2022 among parents of older adolescents and among young adults recruited from a US-based patient panel.
There were 606 total participants, including parents of MenB-vaccinated (n = 151) and non-vaccinated (n = 154) adolescents, and also MenB-vaccinated (n = 150) and non-vaccinated (n = 151) young adults. Non-vaccinated cohorts reported low awareness of MenB disease (58.3-67.5%) and vaccination (49.7-61.0%), though awareness was higher among non-vaccinated parents. However, all cohorts reported high interest in learning more about MenB disease and vaccination. Vaccinated cohorts relied on primary care providers (PCPs) to initiate MenB vaccination conversation and had a low awareness of SCDM at 35.1-45.3%, though those aware of SCDM were more likely to participate in decision-making. Barriers to MenB vaccination included lack of PCP recommendation, vaccine side effects, and uncertainty about vaccination need.
There are gaps in awareness of MenB disease, vaccination, and SCDM among parents and patients in the US, resulting in missed opportunities for discussing and administering MenB vaccination. Targeted education on MenB and vaccination recommendations may increase these opportunities and improve MenB vaccination awareness and initiation.
MenB disease, a type of meningitis, is a serious and life-threatening illness. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that 16–23-year-olds get a MenB vaccine after talking with their healthcare provider and deciding it is the right choice. As of 2021, only about 3 in 10 17-year-olds had received a MenB vaccine. In this study, we used an online survey to learn about parents of older teens’ (16–18-years-old) and young adults’ (19–23-years-old) awareness, thoughts, and practices related to meningitis and the MenB vaccine. Parents of non-vaccinated teens, and non-vaccinated young adults, had a lower awareness of the causes, risks, and symptoms of meningitis, and the MenB vaccine. In addition, most parents thought the impact of meningitis would be severe, compared with young adults who thought it would be less severe. Most participants were also not aware of their role in deciding if they or their child should be vaccinated against MenB. However, most showed a high interest in learning more about meningitis and the MenB vaccine. We also found that most teens and young adults who did receive the MenB vaccine received it right after talking about it with their healthcare provider. These findings show a clear opportunity to address gaps in awareness and thoughts about meningitis and MenB vaccination. Providing education and resources to parents, young adults, and healthcare providers could create more opportunities to discuss MenB vaccination and lead to more teens and young adults accessing vaccination and being protected against meningitis.