最近,已经发现某些水牛在相同的饲养管理条件下可以产生更高的产奶量和乳脂量,这是一个潜在的新特征。不知到什么程度,瘤胃微生物组及其代谢产物,以及宿主的新陈代谢,有助于牛奶产量和牛奶脂肪产量。因此,我们将通过瘤胃宏基因组学分析瘤胃微生物组和宿主水平对牛奶产量和乳脂产量的潜在调控机制,瘤胃代谢组学,和血清代谢组学实验。微生物宏基因组学分析显示,高产量的水牛瘤胃中几种物种的丰度明显更高,主要属于属,比如普雷沃氏菌,Butyrivibrio,Barnesiella,落叶松科,Ruminococus,和拟杆菌。这些物种有助于饮食的降解并改善与脂肪酸生物合成和脂质代谢相关的功能。此外,高产奶牛的瘤胃表现出较低的产甲烷细菌丰度和功能,这可能会产生更少的甲烷。瘤胃代谢组分析表明,高产的奶牛场水牛具有显著较高的代谢产物浓度,包括脂类,碳水化合物,有机酸,以及挥发性脂肪酸(VFA),如乙酸和丁酸。同时,几个Prevotella,Butyrivibrio,Barnesiella,拟杆菌种类与这些代谢物呈显著正相关。血清代谢组分析显示,高产奶牛的代谢产物浓度明显较高,主要是脂类和有机酸。同时,几个Prevotella,拟杆菌,Barnesiella,Ruminococus,和Butyrivibrio物种与这些代谢物呈显着正相关。综合分析表明,存在几种物种,包括Prevotella.sp.CAG1031,普雷沃氏菌。sp.HUN102,普雷沃特拉。sp.KHD1,普雷沃特拉。phocaeensis,Butyrivibrio.sp.AE3009,Barnesiella.sp.An22拟杆菌.sp.CAG927和拟杆菌。细菌52-46,可能在瘤胃和宿主脂质代谢中起关键作用,有助于牛奶产量和牛奶脂肪产量。“组学-可解释性”分析表明,瘤胃微生物组成,功能,代谢物,血清代谢物贡献34.04、47.13、39.09和50.14%,分别,牛奶产量和牛奶脂肪产量。这些发现证明了瘤胃微生物群和宿主如何共同影响水牛的产奶特性。这些信息对于制定有针对性的喂养管理策略以提高水牛奶的质量和产量至关重要。
Recently, it has been discovered that certain dairy buffaloes can produce higher milk yield and milk fat yield under the same feeding management conditions, which is a potential new trait. It is unknown to what extent, the rumen microbiome and its metabolites, as well as the host metabolism, contribute to milk yield and milk fat yield. Therefore, we will analyze the rumen microbiome and host-level potential regulatory mechanisms on milk yield and milk fat yield through rumen metagenomics, rumen metabolomics, and serum metabolomics experiments. Microbial metagenomics analysis revealed a significantly higher abundance of several species in the rumen of high-yield dairy buffaloes, which mainly belonged to genera, such as Prevotella, Butyrivibrio, Barnesiella, Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcus, and Bacteroides. These species contribute to the degradation of diets and improve functions related to fatty acid biosynthesis and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, the rumen of high-yield dairy buffaloes exhibited a lower abundance of methanogenic bacteria and functions, which may produce less methane. Rumen metabolome analysis showed that high-yield dairy buffaloes had significantly higher concentrations of metabolites, including lipids, carbohydrates, and organic acids, as well as volatile fatty acids (VFAs), such as acetic acid and butyric acid. Meanwhile, several Prevotella, Butyrivibrio, Barnesiella, and Bacteroides species were significantly positively correlated with these metabolites. Serum metabolome analysis showed that high-yield dairy buffaloes had significantly higher concentrations of metabolites, mainly lipids and organic acids. Meanwhile, several Prevotella, Bacteroides, Barnesiella, Ruminococcus, and Butyrivibrio species were significantly positively correlated with these metabolites. The combined analysis showed that several species were present, including Prevotella.sp.CAG1031, Prevotella.sp.HUN102, Prevotella.sp.KHD1, Prevotella.phocaeensis, Butyrivibrio.sp.AE3009, Barnesiella.sp.An22, Bacteroides.sp.CAG927, and Bacteroidales.bacterium.52-46, which may play a crucial role in rumen and host lipid metabolism, contributing to milk yield and milk fat yield. The \"omics-explainability\" analysis revealed that the rumen microbial composition, functions, metabolites, and serum metabolites contributed 34.04, 47.13, 39.09, and 50.14%, respectively, to milk yield and milk fat yield. These findings demonstrate how the rumen microbiota and host jointly affect milk production traits in dairy buffaloes. This information is essential for developing targeted feeding management strategies to improve the quality and yield of buffalo milk.