全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质(PFAS)是一组有机氟化合物,已广泛用于几乎所有部门的消费品和工业产品中。它们可以作为表面活性剂,涂层和衬垫,聚合物添加剂,阻燃剂,粘合剂,还有更多。碳氟键的化学稳定性和PFAS的两亲性质导致它们通过土壤孔隙水在环境中的持久性和移动性。地表水和地下水,可能对环境和人类健康产生不利影响。对快速的需求越来越高,低成本,健壮,以及检测PFAS的便携式方法,尤其是在外地。在极低浓度(0.01-250ppb)的土壤和水中可能存在成千上万的PFAS化合物,需要测量,由于土壤化学的复杂性,传统的连续环境传感技术受到了挑战。本文对潜在的快速PFAS测量方法进行了全面综述,专注于从受污染的土壤中对孔隙水中的PFAS进行代表性采样的技术,以及对孔隙水样品进行预处理以消除这些干扰的方法,为PFAS检测传感器做好准备。评论讨论了选择性,预处理和传感性能的关键因素,并探讨了PFAS和各种传感器之间的相互作用。讨论的PFAS化学纳米传感器根据检测机制(电化学和光学)进行分类。这篇综述旨在提供指导并概述当前的挑战和对与土壤孔隙水收集相关的未来常规PFAS传感的影响。实现更具选择性和更有效的PFAS传感器。
Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of organo-fluorine compounds that have been broadly used in consumer and industrial products spanning virtually all sectors. They can be found as surfactants, coatings and liners, polymer additives, fire retardants, adhesives, and many more. The chemical stability of the carbon fluorine bond and amphiphilic nature of PFAS result in their persistence and mobility in the environment via soil porewater, surface water and groundwater, with potential for adverse effects on the environment and human health. There is an emergent and increasing requirement for fast, low-cost, robust, and portable methods to detect PFAS, especially in the field. There may be thousands of PFAS compounds present in soil and water at extremely low concentration (0.01-250 ppb) that require measurement, and traditional technologies for continuous environmental
sensing are challenged due to the complexity of soil chemistry. This paper presents a comprehensive review of potentially rapid PFAS measurement methods, focused on techniques for representative sampling of PFAS in porewater from contaminated soil, and approaches for pre-treatment of porewater samples to eliminate these interferences to be ready for PFAS-detecting sensors. The review discusses selectivity, a key factor underlying pre-treatment and
sensing performance, and explores the interactions between PFAS and various sensors. PFAS chemical nano-sensors discussed are categorized in terms of the detection mechanism (electrochemical and optical). This review aims to provide guidance and outline the current challenges and implications for future routine PFAS
sensing linked to soil porewater collection, to achieve more selective and effective PFAS sensors.